<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><?xml-stylesheet href="http://www.blogger.com/styles/atom.css" type="text/css"?><feed xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom' xmlns:openSearch='http://a9.com/-/spec/opensearchrss/1.0/' xmlns:georss='http://www.georss.org/georss' xmlns:gd='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005' xmlns:thr='http://purl.org/syndication/thread/1.0'><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2420658526485901207</id><updated>2012-02-16T01:27:07.825-08:00</updated><title type='text'>Fitrah's Biology - Coordination and Control (Koordinasi dan Kontrol)</title><subtitle type='html'></subtitle><link rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#feed' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://biologi-nugrahafitrah.blogspot.com/feeds/posts/default'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2420658526485901207/posts/default?max-results=100'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://biologi-nugrahafitrah.blogspot.com/'/><link rel='hub' href='http://pubsubhubbub.appspot.com/'/><author><name>Biologi-nya Fitrah</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/15054540678297182245</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='28' height='32' src='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_YcYNKahbYFI/S5EgBWi7evI/AAAAAAAAAA8/VUBf0rQFvrk/S220/Ini+Gue.JPG'/></author><generator version='7.00' uri='http://www.blogger.com'>Blogger</generator><openSearch:totalResults>5</openSearch:totalResults><openSearch:startIndex>1</openSearch:startIndex><openSearch:itemsPerPage>100</openSearch:itemsPerPage><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2420658526485901207.post-6973288332057670484</id><published>2010-02-25T04:14:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2010-02-25T06:12:07.875-08:00</updated><title type='text'>An Introduction (Pendahuluan)</title><content type='html'>&lt;meta equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"&gt;&lt;meta name="ProgId" content="Word.Document"&gt;&lt;meta name="Generator" content="Microsoft Word 11"&gt;&lt;meta name="Originator" content="Microsoft Word 11"&gt;&lt;link rel="File-List" href="file:///C:%5CDOCUME%7E1%5CHIRWAN%7E1.MM%5CLOCALS%7E1%5CTemp%5Cmsohtml1%5C01%5Cclip_filelist.xml"&gt;&lt;!--[if gte mso 9]&gt;&lt;xml&gt;  &lt;w:worddocument&gt;   &lt;w:view&gt;Normal&lt;/w:View&gt;   &lt;w:zoom&gt;0&lt;/w:Zoom&gt;   &lt;w:punctuationkerning/&gt;   &lt;w:validateagainstschemas/&gt;   &lt;w:saveifxmlinvalid&gt;false&lt;/w:SaveIfXMLInvalid&gt;   &lt;w:ignoremixedcontent&gt;false&lt;/w:IgnoreMixedContent&gt;   &lt;w:alwaysshowplaceholdertext&gt;false&lt;/w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText&gt;   &lt;w:compatibility&gt;    &lt;w:breakwrappedtables/&gt;    &lt;w:snaptogridincell/&gt;    &lt;w:wraptextwithpunct/&gt;    &lt;w:useasianbreakrules/&gt;    &lt;w:dontgrowautofit/&gt;   &lt;/w:Compatibility&gt;   &lt;w:browserlevel&gt;MicrosoftInternetExplorer4&lt;/w:BrowserLevel&gt;  &lt;/w:WordDocument&gt; &lt;/xml&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if gte mso 9]&gt;&lt;xml&gt;  &lt;w:latentstyles deflockedstate="false" latentstylecount="156"&gt;  &lt;/w:LatentStyles&gt; &lt;/xml&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;style&gt; &lt;!--  /* Font Definitions */  @font-face 	{font-family:Calibri; 	mso-font-alt:"Century Gothic"; 	mso-font-charset:0; 	mso-generic-font-family:swiss; 	mso-font-pitch:variable; 	mso-font-signature:-1610611985 1073750139 0 0 159 0;}  /* Style Definitions */  p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal 	{mso-style-parent:""; 	margin-top:0in; 	margin-right:0in; 	margin-bottom:10.0pt; 	margin-left:0in; 	line-height:115%; 	mso-pagination:widow-orphan; 	font-size:11.0pt; 	font-family:Calibri; 	mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri; 	mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";} p.NoSpacing, li.NoSpacing, div.NoSpacing 	{mso-style-name:"No Spacing"; 	mso-style-parent:""; 	margin:0in; 	margin-bottom:.0001pt; 	mso-pagination:widow-orphan; 	font-size:11.0pt; 	font-family:Calibri; 	mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri; 	mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";} @page Section1 	{size:8.5in 11.0in; 	margin:1.0in 1.25in 1.0in 1.25in; 	mso-header-margin:.5in; 	mso-footer-margin:.5in; 	mso-paper-source:0;} div.Section1 	{page:Section1;} --&gt; &lt;/style&gt;&lt;!--[if gte mso 10]&gt; &lt;style&gt;  /* Style Definitions */  table.MsoNormalTable 	{mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; 	mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; 	mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; 	mso-style-noshow:yes; 	mso-style-parent:""; 	mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; 	mso-para-margin:0in; 	mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; 	mso-pagination:widow-orphan; 	font-size:10.0pt; 	font-family:"Times New Roman"; 	mso-ansi-language:#0400; 	mso-fareast-language:#0400; 	mso-bidi-language:#0400;} &lt;/style&gt; &lt;![endif]--&gt;  &lt;p class="NoSpacing" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;"&gt;As the human organism is made up of many different type of cells, it is necessary to coordinate and control their functions so that the whole body can survive and perform efficiently. This vital role is carried out by the systems of nerves and hormones.&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="NoSpacing" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;"&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;Sebagaimana manusia terdiri atas berbagai macam sel-sel yang berbeda, maka sangatlah penting untuk mengkoordinasi dan mengontrol fungsi-fungsinya agar seluruh tubuh dapat bertahan hidup dan bekerja secara efisien. Peran penting ini dilakukan oleh sistem saraf dan hormon.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="NoSpacing" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="NoSpacing" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;"&gt;Many people find these systems difficult to understand. And if you look at them as a whole, they are indeed complex. This is because nerves and hormones influence every single cell in the body.&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="NoSpacing" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;"&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;Banyak orang menganggap sistem-sistem ini sulit untuk dipahami. Dan jika Anda melihat sistem-sistem tersebut sebagai suatu keseluruhanm sistem-sistem tersebut memang rumit. Hal ini dikarenakan saraf dan hormon mempengaruhi setiap sel di dalam tubuh.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="NoSpacing" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="NoSpacing" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"&gt;However if you look at the basic principle of how nerves and hormones work, you will see it involves a simple stimulus-response mechanism, as follows.&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="NoSpacing" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;table class="MsoNormalTable" style="border: medium none ; margin-left: 70.35pt; border-collapse: collapse;" border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"&gt;  &lt;tbody&gt;&lt;tr style="height: 18.75pt;"&gt;   &lt;td style="border: 1pt solid black; padding: 0in 5.4pt; background: rgb(247, 150, 70) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; width: 261.85pt; -moz-background-clip: border; -moz-background-origin: padding; -moz-background-inline-policy: continuous; height: 18.75pt;" width="349" valign="top"&gt;   &lt;p class="NoSpacing" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;Stimulus→ receptor→ message→   effector→ response&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;/td&gt;  &lt;/tr&gt; &lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;  &lt;p class="NoSpacing" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="NoSpacing" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;Bagaimanapun juga, jika Anda mengamati dasar cara kerja saraf dan hormon, Anda akan melihat sistem tersebut meliputi mekanisme stimulus-respon sederhana, sebagai berikut.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="NoSpacing" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;table class="MsoNormalTable" style="border: medium none ; margin-left: 5.4pt; border-collapse: collapse;" border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"&gt;  &lt;tbody&gt;&lt;tr style="height: 19.3pt;"&gt;   &lt;td style="border: 1pt solid black; padding: 0in 5.4pt; background: rgb(247, 150, 70) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; width: 389.25pt; -moz-background-clip: border; -moz-background-origin: padding; -moz-background-inline-policy: continuous; height: 19.3pt;" width="519" valign="top"&gt;   &lt;p class="NoSpacing" style="margin-right: -12pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;Stimulus (rangsangan)→ reseptor (indra)→   pesan→ efektor (otak)→ respon (otot)&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;/td&gt;  &lt;/tr&gt; &lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;  &lt;p class="NoSpacing" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="NoSpacing" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"&gt;Some change (stimulus) inside or outside the body is detected by a sensor (receptor).&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="NoSpacing" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;Beberapa perubahan (stimulus) di dalam atau di luar tubuh dideteksi oleh indra (reseptor).&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="NoSpacing" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="NoSpacing" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"&gt;The receptor sends a message which caused a change (response) in a cell tissue or organ (effector).&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="NoSpacing" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;Reseptor men&lt;/i&gt;girim pesan yang menyebabkan perubahan (respon) di jaringan sel atau organ (efektor).&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="NoSpacing" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"&gt;In the nervous system, the message is carried as an electrical impulse along nerve fibres.&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="NoSpacing" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;Dalam sistem saraf pesan tersebut dihantar sebagai impuls elektrik sepanjang serabut-serabut saraf.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="NoSpacing" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="NoSpacing" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"&gt;In the hormone system, hormones act as chemical messengers. They are carried in the blood to their target cell, tissue or organ.&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="NoSpacing" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;Pada sistem hormon, hormon berperan sebagai penghantar pesan kimiawi. Mereka dibawa di dalam darah ke sel tujuan, jaringan, atau organ.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="NoSpacing" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="NoSpacing" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"&gt;&lt;b style=""&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:12pt;"&gt;Summary&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b style=""&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;span lang="IN"  style="font-size:12pt;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="NoSpacing" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"&gt;&lt;b style=""&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:12pt;"&gt;Ringkasan&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="NoSpacing" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"&gt;&lt;b style=""&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:12pt;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;span style="text-decoration: none;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="NoSpacing" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"&gt;The nervous system is able to react to a stimulus almost instantaneously, so it is especially useful in emergencies but its action is short-lived.&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="NoSpacing" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;Sistem saraf mampu bereaksi hampir secara langsung terhadap sebuah rangsangan, jadi hal ini sangat berguna dalam keadaan darurat tetapi reaksinya hanya sementara.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="NoSpacing" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="NoSpacing" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"&gt;The hormone system takes longer to respond to a stimulus, but its response can continue for a long time.&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="NoSpacing" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;Sistem hormon membutuhkan waktu lebih lama untuk merespon terhadap sebuah rangsangan, tetapi respon hormon dapat berlangsung untuk waktu yang lama.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="NoSpacing" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="NoSpacing" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"&gt;These two systems play crucial, complementary roles in the coordination and control of body functions.&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="NoSpacing" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;Kedua sistem ini berperan penting, saling melengkapi dalam koordinasi dan kontrol terhadap fungsi tubuh.&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class="NoSpacing" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;Source(sumber) : Biology 2 For Senior High School Year XI, Yudhistira&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/2420658526485901207-6973288332057670484?l=biologi-nugrahafitrah.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://biologi-nugrahafitrah.blogspot.com/feeds/6973288332057670484/comments/default' title='Poskan Komentar'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://biologi-nugrahafitrah.blogspot.com/2010/02/introduction-pendahuluan.html#comment-form' title='0 Komentar'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2420658526485901207/posts/default/6973288332057670484'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2420658526485901207/posts/default/6973288332057670484'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://biologi-nugrahafitrah.blogspot.com/2010/02/introduction-pendahuluan.html' title='An Introduction (Pendahuluan)'/><author><name>Biologi-nya Fitrah</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/15054540678297182245</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='28' height='32' src='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_YcYNKahbYFI/S5EgBWi7evI/AAAAAAAAAA8/VUBf0rQFvrk/S220/Ini+Gue.JPG'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2420658526485901207.post-3443042250109766755</id><published>2010-02-25T04:11:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2010-02-25T06:11:37.786-08:00</updated><title type='text'>A. The Nervous System (Sistem Saraf)</title><content type='html'>&lt;meta equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"&gt;&lt;meta name="ProgId" content="Word.Document"&gt;&lt;meta name="Generator" content="Microsoft Word 11"&gt;&lt;meta name="Originator" content="Microsoft Word 11"&gt;&lt;link rel="File-List" href="file:///C:%5CDOCUME%7E1%5CHIRWAN%7E1.MM%5CLOCALS%7E1%5CTemp%5Cmsohtml1%5C01%5Cclip_filelist.xml"&gt;&lt;o:smarttagtype namespaceuri="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" name="City"&gt;&lt;/o:smarttagtype&gt;&lt;o:smarttagtype namespaceuri="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" name="place"&gt;&lt;/o:smarttagtype&gt;&lt;!--[if gte mso 9]&gt;&lt;xml&gt;  &lt;w:worddocument&gt;   &lt;w:view&gt;Normal&lt;/w:View&gt;   &lt;w:zoom&gt;0&lt;/w:Zoom&gt;   &lt;w:punctuationkerning/&gt;   &lt;w:validateagainstschemas/&gt;   &lt;w:saveifxmlinvalid&gt;false&lt;/w:SaveIfXMLInvalid&gt;   &lt;w:ignoremixedcontent&gt;false&lt;/w:IgnoreMixedContent&gt;   &lt;w:alwaysshowplaceholdertext&gt;false&lt;/w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText&gt; 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	mso-list-type:hybrid; 	mso-list-template-ids:-205331928 -1238231948 69271577 69271579 69271567 69271577 69271579 69271567 69271577 69271579;} @list l11:level1 	{mso-level-number-format:alpha-lower; 	mso-level-tab-stop:none; 	mso-level-number-position:left; 	margin-left:53.45pt; 	text-indent:-.25in;} @list l12 	{mso-list-id:2100518660; 	mso-list-type:hybrid; 	mso-list-template-ids:-588754412 -1482525088 67698713 67698715 67698703 67698713 67698715 67698703 67698713 67698715;} @list l12:level1 	{mso-level-number-format:alpha-lower; 	mso-level-tab-stop:none; 	mso-level-number-position:left; 	margin-left:53.45pt; 	text-indent:-.25in;} ol 	{margin-bottom:0in;} ul 	{margin-bottom:0in;} --&gt; &lt;/style&gt;&lt;!--[if gte mso 10]&gt; &lt;style&gt;  /* Style Definitions */  table.MsoNormalTable 	{mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; 	mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; 	mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; 	mso-style-noshow:yes; 	mso-style-parent:""; 	mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; 	mso-para-margin:0in; 	mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; 	mso-pagination:widow-orphan; 	font-size:10.0pt; 	font-family:"Times New Roman"; 	mso-ansi-language:#0400; 	mso-fareast-language:#0400; 	mso-bidi-language:#0400;} &lt;/style&gt; &lt;![endif]--&gt;  &lt;p class="NoSpacing" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;"&gt;Nervous system is the organ system which regulates or controls other organ systems. It is also responsible for knowledge and memory of a human. The smallest functional unit which composes human nervous system is neuron (nerve cell) which consists of cell body (pericarion), dendrite, and axon. In one cell body, there is only one axon, while the number of dendrite&lt;span style=""&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;existing in a cell body can reach about 200.&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="NoSpacing" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;"&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;Sistem saraf adalah&lt;span style=""&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;sistem organ yang meregulasi atau mengatur sistem-sistem organ tubuh yang lain. Sistem tersebut juga bertanggung jawab atas pengetahuan dan daya ingat yang dimiliki manusia. Bagian fungsional terkecil penyusun sistem saraf manusia adalah neuron (sel saraf) yang terdiri atas badan sel (prokarion), dendrit, dan akson. Pada satu badan sel terdapat satu akson, sedangkan jumlah dendrit dapat mencapai 200.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="NoSpacing" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;"&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="NoSpacing" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;Functions of the nervous system:&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="NoSpacing" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;"&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;Fungsi sistem saraf:&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="NoSpacing" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left: 53.45pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;1.&lt;span style=";font-family:&amp;quot;;font-size:7pt;"  &gt;      &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;as a receiver of information or stimulus in the form of changes in the environment, stimulus received by a receiver (receptor)&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 53.45pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;sebagai alat penerima informasi atau rangsangan (stimulus) yang berupa perubahan yang terjadi di lingkungan, rangsangan diterima melalui alat penerima (reseptor)&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 53.45pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 53.45pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;2.&lt;span style=";font-family:&amp;quot;;font-size:7pt;"  &gt;      &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;as a mean of regulating and processing the information received&lt;span style=""&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 53.45pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;sebagai alat pengatur dan pemroses informasi-informasi yang diterima&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 53.45pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;3.&lt;span style=";font-family:&amp;quot;;font-size:7pt;"  &gt;      &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;regulate and provide responses or reactions, in the form of movement or glandular secretion&lt;span style=""&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 53.45pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;mengatur dan memberikan tanggapan (respon), dalam bentuk gerakan ataui sekresi kelenjar&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="NoSpacing" style="margin-left: 0.55pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;"&gt;Based on the structure, nerve cell can be distinguished into four types which, are as follows.&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="NoSpacing" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;"&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;Berdasarkan strukturnya, sel saraf dibedakan atas tiga macam, yaitu sebagai berikut.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="NoSpacing" style="margin-left: 0.55pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="NoSpacing" style="margin-left: 0.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;1.&lt;span style=";font-family:&amp;quot;;font-size:7pt;"  &gt;      &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Motor nerve cell (efferent) compromises of motor nerve fibres which have the function to transmit impulse from brain or spinal cord to peripheral nerve and to activate the muscles.&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="NoSpacing" style="margin-left: 0.75in; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;Sel saraf motor (eferen), tersusun dari serabut saraf motorik yang berfungsi untuk menghantarkan impuls dari otak atau sumsum tulang belakang ke saraf tepi dan mengaktifkan otot.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="NoSpacing" style="margin-left: 0.75in; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="NoSpacing" style="margin-left: 0.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;2.&lt;span style=";font-family:&amp;quot;;font-size:7pt;"  &gt;      &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Sensory nerve cell (afferent) compromises of sensory nerve fibres which have the function to transmit impulse from peripheral nerve toward the brain. The impulse is in the form of taste and sensation stimulations.&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="NoSpacing" style="margin-left: 0.75in; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;Sel saraf sensori (aferen), tersusun dari serabut saraf sensorik yang berfungsi untuk menyampaikan impuls dari saraf tepi menuju ke otak. Impuls yang disampaikan berupa rangsang rasa dan sensasi.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="NoSpacing" style="margin-left: 0.75in; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="NoSpacing" style="margin-left: 0.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;3.&lt;span style=";font-family:&amp;quot;;font-size:7pt;"  &gt;      &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Mixed nerve cells contains both motor and sensory nerve fibres which transmit impulse to two directions.&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="NoSpacing" style="margin-left: 0.75in; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;Sel saraf campuran, tersusun dari serabut saraf motorik dan sensorik sehingga dapat menghantar impuls dalam dua jurusan.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="NoSpacing" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="NoSpacing" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"&gt;The connection between nerve cells and other nerve cells is formed in central nervous system or in the ganglion (nerve node) and form synapse, which is meetings between the end of one nerve cell (dendrite) and the other end of the nerve cells (axon) so that impulse can move form axon to dendrite.&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="NoSpacing" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;Hubungan antara sel-sel saraf dan sel-sel saraf lainnya terbentuk dalam sistem saraf pusat atau dalam ganglion (simpul saraf) dan membentuk sinapsis, yaitu pertemuan antara ujung sel saraf satu (dendrit) dan ujung sel saraf lain (akson) sehingga impuls dapat berpindah dari akson ke dendrit.&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="NoSpacing" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="NoSpacing" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"&gt;Synapse functions as a connecting site between neurons or between neuron and effector. Synapse consists of three parts, presynapse, pascasynapse, and synapse vesicle, which separates presynapse and pascasynapse.&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="NoSpacing" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;Sinapsis berfungsi sebagai tempat kontak dengan sesama neuron atua antara neuron dengan efekor. Sinapsis terdiri atas tiga bagian, presinapsis, pascasinapsis, dan celah sinapsis yang memisahkan presinapsis dengan pascasinapsis.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="NoSpacing" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="NoSpacing" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"&gt;Based on the nerve impulse that passes it through, synapse is distinguished into electrical synapse and chemical synapse.&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="NoSpacing" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;Berdasarkan impuls saraf yang melewatinya, sinapsis dibedakan atas sinapsis listrik dan sinapsis kimia.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="NoSpacing" style="margin-left: 0.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;1.&lt;span style=";font-family:&amp;quot;;font-size:7pt;"  &gt;      &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Electrical synapse is the synapse that is passed through by electric current impulse in between the neurons. Electrical synapse is formed between two dendrites, axon and dendrite, or two axons.&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="NoSpacing" style="margin-left: 0.75in; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;Sinapsis listrik adalah sinapsis yang dilalui oleh impuls arus listrik yang terdapat di antara sesama neuron. Sinapsis listrik dapat terbentuk antara dendrit-dendrit, akson-dendrit, atau akson-akson.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="NoSpacing" style="margin-left: 0.75in; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="NoSpacing" style="margin-left: 0.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;2.&lt;span style=";font-family:&amp;quot;;font-size:7pt;"  &gt;      &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Chemical synapse is the synapse that is passed through by chemical impulse called neurotransmitter. Neurotransmitter is a hormone produced by neuron and secreted into synapse vesicles. Chemical synapse is usually found between neuron and effector.&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="NoSpacing" style="margin-left: 0.75in; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;Sinapsis kimia adalah sinapsis yang dilalui oleh impuls kimia berupa neurotransmitter, yaitu hormon yang dihasilkan oleh neuron dan digetahkan ke celah sinapsis. Sinapsis kimia biasanya terdapat di antara neuron dan efektor.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="NoSpacing" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="NoSpacing" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;"&gt;Human nervous system (vertebrae in general) consists of central nervous system and peripheral nervous system.&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="NoSpacing" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;"&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;Sistem saraf manusia (vertebrata pada umumnya) terdiri atas sistem saraf pusat dan sistem saraf perifer (tepi).&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="NoSpacing" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="NoSpacing" style="margin-left: 53.45pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;b style=""&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;1.&lt;span style=";font-family:&amp;quot;;font-size:7pt;"  &gt;      &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;b style=""&gt;Central Nervous System (CNS)&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="NoSpacing" style="margin-left: 53.45pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;b style=""&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;Sistem Saraf Pusat (SSP)&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="NoSpacing" style="margin-left: 35.45pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="NoSpacing" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;"&gt;Central nervous system includes spinal cord and brain. Brain is protected by skull, while spinal cord is protected by spine or back bone.&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="NoSpacing" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;"&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;Sistem saraf pusat terdiri atas sumsum tulang belakang dan otak. Otak terlindungi oleh tengkorak, sedangkan sumsum tulang belakang terlindungi oleh jajaran spinal atau tulang belakang.&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="NoSpacing" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="NoSpacing" style="margin-left: 53.45pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;b style=""&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(227, 108, 10);"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;A.&lt;span style=";font-family:&amp;quot;;font-size:7pt;"  &gt;     &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;b style=""&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(227, 108, 10);"&gt;Brain&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="NoSpacing" style="margin-left: 0.75in; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;b style=""&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(227, 108, 10);"&gt;Otak&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="NoSpacing" style="margin-left: 35.45pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="NoSpacing" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;"&gt;The brain is composed of smooth nerve tissue and covered by protection membrane called meninges. Meninges comprises of three layers, piameter, arachnoidmeter, and durameter.&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="NoSpacing" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;"&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;Organ tersebut tersusun dari jaringan saraf yang lembut dan dibungkus oleh lapisan pelindung bernama meninges. Meninges terdiri atas tiga lapisan, yaitu piameter, araknoid, dan durameter.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="NoSpacing" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="NoSpacing" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;"&gt;The brain structure consists of three parts, fore brain, mid brain, and hind brain.&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="NoSpacing" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;"&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;Struktur otak terdiri atas tiga bagian, yaitu otak depan, otak tengah, dan otak belakang.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="NoSpacing" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="NoSpacing" style="margin-left: 53.45pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;b style=""&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(33, 88, 104);"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;1.&lt;span style=";font-family:&amp;quot;;font-size:7pt;"  &gt;      &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;b style=""&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(33, 88, 104);"&gt;Forebrain&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="NoSpacing" style="margin-left: 53.45pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;b style=""&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(33, 88, 104);"&gt;Otak depan&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="NoSpacing" style="margin-left: 35.45pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="NoSpacing" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;"&gt;Forebrain (proencephalon) consists of telencephalon (cerebrum) and diencephalon.&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="NoSpacing" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;"&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;Otak depan (prosensefalon) teridiri atas bagian telensefalon (otak besar) dan diensefalon.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="NoSpacing" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="NoSpacing" style="margin-left: 53.45pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;b style=""&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;a.&lt;span style=";font-family:&amp;quot;;font-size:7pt;"  &gt;     &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;b style=""&gt;Cerebrum (Telencephalon)&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="NoSpacing" style="margin-left: 53.45pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;b style=""&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;Otak besar (Telensefalon atau Serebrum)&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="NoSpacing" style="margin-left: 35.45pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="NoSpacing" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;"&gt;Cerebrum is divided into two parts (hemisphere), left hemisphere and right hemisphere. The outer layer of cerebrum is grey and called cortex, while the inner part is white and called medulla.&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="NoSpacing" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;"&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;Otak besar terdiri atas dua belahan (hemisfer), belahan kiri dan kanan. Permukaan luar otak besar berwarna abu-abu disebut korteks, sedangkan sebelah dalamnya berwarna putih disebut medula.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="NoSpacing" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="NoSpacing" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;"&gt;Cortex contains a bulk or neuron body (pericarion). It has folded structure to expand the surface so that more neuron can be stored. Cortex is also important in limbic system, which is the emotional center around corpus callosum. Corpus callosum is a collection of association fibers which connect left hemisphere and right hemisphere and act as lateral ventricle roof.&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="NoSpacing" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;"&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;Korteks mengandung tumpukan badan sel neuron (perikarion). Bagian tersebut berlipat-lipat untuk memperluas permukaannya sehingga neuron yang tersimpan semakin banyak. Bagian tersebut juga berperan dalam sistem limbik, yaitu pusat emosi yang terdapat di sekitar korpus kalosum. Korpus kalosum adalah kumpulan serat asosiasi yang menghubungkan hemisfer kiri dan kanan, bertindak sebagai atap ventrikel lateral.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="NoSpacing" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;"&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="NoSpacing" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;"&gt;Medulla is composed of nerve fibers. In medulla there is a part containing neuron pericarion bulge called nucleus. Each hemisphere is divided into four lobes, which are frontal lobes (around forehead), parietal lobes (around frontal fontanelle), temporal lobes (lateral), and occipital lobes (anterior).&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="NoSpacing" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;"&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;Medula disusun oleh serabut saraf. Pada medula terdapat bagian yang mengandung tumpukan perikarion neuron yang disebut nukleus (inti). Masing-masing hemisfer terbagi menjadi empat gembungan (lobus), yaitu lobus frontal (sekitar kening), lobus parietal (sekitar ubun-ubun), lobus temporal (samping), dan lobus oksipital (belakang).&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="NoSpacing" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="NoSpacing" style="margin-left: 53.45pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;b style=""&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;b.&lt;span style=";font-family:&amp;quot;;font-size:7pt;"  &gt;     &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;b style=""&gt;Diencephalon&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="NoSpacing" style="margin-left: 53.45pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;b style=""&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;Diensefalon&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"&gt;Diencephalon lies in front of the midbrain. It includes thalamus, hypothalamus, and infundibulum (hypophisis stem).&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;Diensefalon berada di depan otak tengah. Bagian tersebut mengandung bagian talamus, hipotalamus, dan infundibulum (tangkai hipofisis).&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"&gt;Thalamus consists of grey substances built by neuron withoust myelin membrane. It serves as a receiver area of all sensory information, except smell. Thalamus influence cerebrum’s function as well as increasing memory and emotional function.&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;Talamus terdiri atas substansi kelabu yang dibangun oleh neuron tanpa selubung mielin. Bagian tersebut merupakan daerah penerimaan seluruh informasi sensorik, kecuali penciuman. Selain mempengaruhi kerja otak besar, talamus ikut meningkatkan fungsi ingatan dan emosi.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"&gt;Hypothalamus lies below the thalamus. It contains neurosecretor&lt;span style=""&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;cells producing neurohormone. Neurohormone has the function to control pitituitary gland. It also controls wide variety of internal processes, such as body temperature, sexual desire, carbohydrate metabolism, hunger, and thirst.&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;Hipotalamus terletak di bagian bawah talamus. Bagian tersebut mengandung sel neurosekretor yang menghasilkan neurohormon. Neurohormon berfungsi untuk mengontrol kelenjar pituitari. Selain itu, hipotalamus juga mengatur berbagai proses internal, seperti suhu tubuh, dorongan seksual, metabolisme karbohidrat, rasa lapar, dan rasa haus.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 53.45pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;b style=""&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(33, 88, 104);"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;2.&lt;span style=";font-family:&amp;quot;;font-size:7pt;"  &gt;      &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;b style=""&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(33, 88, 104);"&gt;Midbrain&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 53.45pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;b style=""&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(33, 88, 104);"&gt;Otak Tengah&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 53.45pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;"&gt;Midbrain and hindbrain function as assistance, distributor, and relay station of impulse. The inner part of midbrain contains cerebrospinal, while the basw (optic tectum) is the connector of vision and auditory signal.&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;"&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;Otak&lt;span style=""&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;tengah dan belakang berfungsi sebagai pembantu, penyalur, dan stasiun relai berbagai impuls. Bagian dalam otak tengah berisi cairan serebrospinal, sedangkan pada bagian dasarnya (optik tektum) merupakan penghubung sinyal penglihatan dan pendengaran.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 53.45pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;b style=""&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(33, 88, 104);"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;3.&lt;span style=";font-family:&amp;quot;;font-size:7pt;"  &gt;      &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;b style=""&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(33, 88, 104);"&gt;Hindbrain&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 53.45pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;b style=""&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(33, 88, 104);"&gt;Otak Belakang&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"&gt;Hindbrain consists of three parts, cerebellum, pons varolli, and medulla oblongata.&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;"&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;Otak belakang terdiri atas tiga bagian, yaitu otak kecil, pons, dan medula oblongata.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 53.45pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;b style=""&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;a.&lt;span style=";font-family:&amp;quot;;font-size:7pt;"  &gt;     &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;b style=""&gt;Cerebellum&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0.75in; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;b style=""&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;Otak Kecil (Serebelum)&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"&gt;Cerebellum consists of two hemispheres and one vermis (center) located in the inferior posterior of cerebrum. The shape of cerebellum as much like that of cerebrum, but flatter and folded. The surface comprises of grey mass, while the inner part comprises of white mass.&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;Otak kecil terdiri atas dua hemisfer dan satu vermis (pusat), yang terletak di bagian bawah belakang serebrum. Bentuknya seperti serebrum, tetapi lebih pipih dan berlekuk. Permukaannya tersusun dari &lt;st1:city st="on"&gt;massa&lt;/st1:city&gt; berwarna abu-abu, sedangkan sebelah dalamnya tersusun oleh &lt;st1:city st="on"&gt;&lt;st1:place st="on"&gt;massa&lt;/st1:place&gt;&lt;/st1:city&gt; berwarna putih.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"&gt;Cerebellum is the center of motor regulation, both reflex and conscious motions.&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;Otak kecil merupakan pusat regulasi motorik, baik gerak refleks maupun gerak sadar.&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"&gt;Cerebellum functions:&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;Fungsi otak kecil:&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;-&lt;span style=";font-family:&amp;quot;;font-size:7pt;"  &gt;          &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;helps cerebrum to control the muscle activity and strengthens impulse transmission to muscles&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;membantu otak besar untuk mengontrol aktivitas otot dan memperkuat pengiriman impuls ke otot&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;-&lt;span style=";font-family:&amp;quot;;font-size:7pt;"  &gt;          &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;body balance controller&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;pengatur keseimbangan tubuh&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 53.45pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;b style=""&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;b.&lt;span style=";font-family:&amp;quot;;font-size:7pt;"  &gt;     &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;b style=""&gt;Pons Varolli&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 53.45pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;b style=""&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;Pons Varolli&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 35.45pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;"&gt;Pons varolli (bridge) has encircled structure in the brain stem above the medulla oblongata. Pons contains motor pathway connecting cerebrum cortex with cerebellum vesicle. Pons function as a bridge between the two cerebellum cleavages and between medulla and cerebrum.&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;"&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;Pons varolli (jembatan) adalah bentuk kerubung pada batang otak di atas medula oblongata. Pons berisi lintasan hantaran motorik yang menghubungkan korteks otak besar dengan belahan otak kecil. Pons berfungsi sebagai jembatan di antara kedua belahan otak kecil dan antara medula dengan otak besar.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 53.45pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;b style=""&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;c.&lt;span style=";font-family:&amp;quot;;font-size:7pt;"  &gt;     &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;b style=""&gt;Medulla Oblongata&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0.75in; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;b style=""&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;Medula Oblongata&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"&gt;Medulla oblongata lies at the beginning of brain stem in the base of skull, it is the continuity of with the spinal cord and serves as the cross section site of fibers and controls internal organ activities, for example respiration, heart beat, and digestive muscle.&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;Medula oblongata terdapat pada pangkal batang otak di bagian dasar tengkorak sebagai lanjutan dari sumsum tulang belakang. Fungsi medula oblongata adalah sebagai tempat persimpangan bagi serabut dan mengontrol aktivitas berbagai organ dalam, misalnya respirasi, detak jantung, dan otot organ pencernaan .&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"&gt;In medulla oblangata, there are 12 pairs of cranial nerves connected to the brain and are parts of peripheral nervous system. The cranial nerve functions as a direct connections to important organs.&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;Pada medula oblongata terdapat 12 pasang saraf kranial yang dihubungkan ke otak dan merupakan bagian dari sistem saraf tepi. Saraf kranial berfungsi sebagai hubungan langsung dengan organ-organ penting tubuh.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 53.45pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;b style=""&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(227, 108, 10);"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;B.&lt;span style=";font-family:&amp;quot;;font-size:7pt;"  &gt;      &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;b style=""&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(227, 108, 10);"&gt;Spinal Cord&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 53.45pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;b style=""&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(227, 108, 10);"&gt;Sumsum Tulang Belakang&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 35.45pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;"&gt;Based on the cross section, the spinal cord consists of two parts. The outer part is a white mass, composed of a large amount of nerve fibers (axon and dendrite bond) covered by membrane. The inner part is a grey mass whose outer surface has butterfly’s wing like-shape. The end of the “wing” is called horn.&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;"&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;Berdasarkan irisan melintang, sumsum tulang belakang terdiri atas dua bagian. Bagian luarnya merupakan &lt;st1:city st="on"&gt;&lt;st1:place st="on"&gt;massa&lt;/st1:place&gt;&lt;/st1:city&gt; berwarna putih, tersusun dari banyak serabut saraf (ikatan akson dan dendrit) yang dibungkus oleh selubung. Bagian dalamnya merupakan &lt;st1:city st="on"&gt;&lt;st1:place st="on"&gt;massa&lt;/st1:place&gt;&lt;/st1:city&gt; berwarna abu-abu yang permukaan luarnya berbentuk seperti sayap kupu-kupu. Bagian ujung “sayap” tersebut biasa disebut tanduk.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;"&gt;The spinal cord has several functions, some of which are as follows.&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;"&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;Sumsum tulang belakang mempunyai beberapa fungsi, antara lain sebagai berikut.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;-&lt;span style=";font-family:&amp;quot;;font-size:7pt;"  &gt;          &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Transmitting sensory impulse from peripheral nervous system toward the brain.&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;Menyampaikan impuls saraf sensorik dari sistem saraf tepi menuju ke otak.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;-&lt;span style=";font-family:&amp;quot;;font-size:7pt;"  &gt;          &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Transmitting motor impulse from the brain to various effector, such as striated muscle, heart muscle, smooth muscle, and gland.&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;Menyampaikan impuls saraf motorik dari otak ke berbagai efektor seperti otot rangka/lurik, otot jantung, otot polos, dasn kelenjar.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;-&lt;span style=";font-family:&amp;quot;;font-size:7pt;"  &gt;          &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;As a central of reflex movement.&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;Sebagai pusat gerak refleks.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;"&gt;The brain stem is a brain bulge which consists of three parts (start from the front), which are midbrain, pons varolli, and medulla oblangata (connective brain or myelin cephalon).&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;"&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;Batang otak merupakan tumpuan otak terdiri atas bagian (mulai dari depan), yaitu otak tengah, pons varolli, dan medula oblangata (otak penghubung atau mielin sefalon).&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 53.45pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;b style=""&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;1.&lt;span style=";font-family:&amp;quot;;font-size:7pt;"  &gt;      &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;b style=""&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 53.45pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;b style=""&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;Sistem Saraf Tepi (SST)&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 53.45pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;Peripheral nervous system is the nervous system located outside the central nervous system. Based on the origin, the peripheral&lt;span style=""&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;nervous system is distinguished into cranial nerve (brain nerve) and spinal nerve.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;"&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;Sistem saraf tepi adalah sistem saraf yang terdapat di luar sistem saraf pusat. Berdasarkan tempat asalnya, saraf dari sistem saraf tepi dibedakan atas saraf kranial (saraf otak) dan saraf spinal (saraf tulang belakang).&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 53.45pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;a.&lt;span style=";font-family:&amp;quot;;font-size:7pt;"  &gt;     &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;Cranial functions to transmit impulse from and toward the brain. There are 12 pairs of cranial nerves. The first four pairs bind with cerebrum and the last eight pairs bind with the posterior of brain. Cranial nerve serves the head, face, and upper neck.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 53.45pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;Saraf kranial berfungsi membawa impuls dari dan ke otak. Terdapat 12 pasang saraf kranial. Ke-4 pasang pertama terikat pada otak besar dan ke-8 pasang terakhir terikat pada bagian otak belakang. Saraf kranial melayani daerah kepala, wajah, dan bagian atas leher.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 53.45pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 53.45pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;b.&lt;span style=";font-family:&amp;quot;;font-size:7pt;"  &gt;     &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;Spinal nerve attaches to both side of spinal which has the function to transmit impulse from and toward bone marrow. Spinal nerves comprises of cervical nerve (8 pairs), thoracic (12 pairs), lumbar (pairs), and coccigeal (1 pair).&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 53.45pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;Saraf spinal, melekat pada kedua sisi tulang belakang yang berfungsi untuk membawa impuls dari dan ke sumsum tulang belakang. Saraf spinal tersusun atas saraf servikal (8 pasang), torasik (12 pasang), lumbar (5 pasang), sakral (5 pasang), dan koksigeal (1 pasang).&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 53.45pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 35.45pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;The PNS is classified into somatic and autonomic nervous systems.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 35.45pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;SST dikelompokkan menjadi sistem saraf somatik dan sistem saraf otonom.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 35.45pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 53.45pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;b style=""&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(36, 64, 97);" lang="IN"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;a.&lt;span style=";font-family:&amp;quot;;font-size:7pt;"  &gt;     &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;b style=""&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(36, 64, 97);" lang="IN"&gt;Somatic Nervous System&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 53.45pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;b style=""&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(36, 64, 97);" lang="IN"&gt;Sistem Saraf Somatik&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 35.45pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;Somatic nervous system serves the skin, skeleton, and tendon. The acts of somatic nervous system are voluntary motion and reflex motion. Voluntary motion always comes from cerebral cortex, while reflex motion is the automatic response to stimulation which occurs very fast.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;"&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;Sistem saraf somatik melayani kulit, otot rangka, dan tendon. Aksi sistem somatik adalah gerak sadar dasn gerak refleks. Gerak sadar selalu berasal dari korteks otak besar, sedangkan gerak refleks merupakan respon otomatis terhadap rangsang yang terjadi sangat cepat.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;The shortance distance passed through by nerve impulse while doing reflex motion is called reflex curve.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;"&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;Jarak terpendek yang dilalui oleh suatu impuls saraf saat melakukan gerak reflex disebut lengkung refleks.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 53.45pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;b style=""&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(36, 64, 97);" lang="IN"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;b.&lt;span style=";font-family:&amp;quot;;font-size:7pt;"  &gt;     &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;b style=""&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(36, 64, 97);" lang="IN"&gt;Autonomic Nervous System&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 53.45pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;b style=""&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(36, 64, 97);" lang="IN"&gt;Sistem Saraf Otonom&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle"&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;Autonomic nerve system is the nerve system which serves the organ, smooth muscle, and some glands that act autonomically (involuntary motion). The system consists of sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems. In the both systems, the ganglion connects the central nervous system with bodu structure served by autonomic nervous system.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;"&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;Sistem saraf otonom adalah sistem saraf yang melayani organ, oto polos, dan sejumlah kelenjar yang bekerja secara otonom (gerak tidak sadar). Sistem tersebut terdiri atas sistem saraf simpatetik dam parasimpatetik. Pada kedua sistem tersebut, ganglion berfungsi sebagai penghubung antara sistem saraf pusat dengan struktur tubuh yang dilayani oleh sistem saraf otonom.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 53.45pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;b style=""&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;1.&lt;span style=";font-family:&amp;quot;;font-size:7pt;"  &gt;      &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;b style=""&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;Sympathetic Nervous System&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 53.45pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;b style=""&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;Sistem Saraf Simpatetik&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 35.45pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;Sympathetic nervous system consists of two nerve cords which lies in the both sides of bone marrow, and each of them has ganglion. The largest sympathetic ganglion is located below the diaphragm, and it is called solar plexus. The atoher ganglions are located near the heart, below the abdomen, and on the neck. The function of sympathetic nervous system is to control the activity of gland and organ.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;"&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;Sistem saraf simpatetik terdiri atas dua tali saraf yang berada pada kedua sisi sumsum tulang belakang yang masing-masing mempunyai ganlion. Ganglion simpatetik terbesar berada di bawah diafragma dan disebut solar pleksus. Ganglion yang lain berada di dekat jantung, sebelah bawah perut, dan pada leher. Fungsi sistem saraf simpatetik adalah mengendalikan aktivitas kelenjar dan organ tubuh.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 53.45pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;b style=""&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;2.&lt;span style=";font-family:&amp;quot;;font-size:7pt;"  &gt;      &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;b style=""&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;Parasympathetic Nervous System&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 53.45pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;b style=""&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;Sistem Saraf Parasimpatetik&lt;/span&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle"&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;Parasympathetic nervous system is the vague nerves elongating form medulla oblongata, down through neck toward thorax and abdomen. The system has teh reverse function of sympathetic nervous system.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;Sistem parasimpatetik merupakan saraf vagus yang memanjang dari medula oblongata, turun melalui leher menuju ke dada dan perut. Sistem tersebut mempunyai fungsi kebalikan dari sistem saraf simpatetik.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Source(sumber) : Biology 2 For Senior High School Year XI, Yudhistira&lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: center; text-indent: 35.45pt;" align="center"&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;THE EFFECTS OF AUTONOMIC STIMULATION CHOICE&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;table class="MsoNormalTable" style="border: medium none ; border-collapse: collapse;" border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"&gt;  &lt;tbody&gt;&lt;tr style=""&gt;   &lt;td style="border-style: solid none none solid; border-color: rgb(79, 129, 189) -moz-use-text-color -moz-use-text-color rgb(79, 129, 189); border-width: 1pt medium medium 1pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; background: rgb(79, 129, 189) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; width: 135.9pt; -moz-background-clip: border; -moz-background-origin: padding; -moz-background-inline-policy: continuous;" width="181" valign="top"&gt;   &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: center;" align="center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span  lang="IN" style="color:white;"&gt;Organs &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td style="border-style: solid none none; border-color: rgb(79, 129, 189) -moz-use-text-color -moz-use-text-color; border-width: 1pt medium medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; background: rgb(79, 129, 189) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; width: 135.9pt; -moz-background-clip: border; -moz-background-origin: padding; -moz-background-inline-policy: continuous;" width="181" valign="top"&gt;   &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: center;" align="center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span  lang="IN" style="color:white;"&gt;Sympathetic Stimulation&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td style="border-style: solid solid none none; border-color: rgb(79, 129, 189) rgb(79, 129, 189) -moz-use-text-color -moz-use-text-color; border-width: 1pt 1pt medium medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; background: rgb(79, 129, 189) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; width: 135.9pt; -moz-background-clip: border; -moz-background-origin: padding; -moz-background-inline-policy: continuous;" width="181" valign="top"&gt;   &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: center;" align="center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span  lang="IN" style="color:white;"&gt;Parasympathetic Stimulation&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;/td&gt;  &lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr style=""&gt;   &lt;td style="border-style: solid none solid solid; border-color: rgb(79, 129, 189) -moz-use-text-color rgb(79, 129, 189) rgb(79, 129, 189); border-width: 1pt medium 1pt 1pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 135.9pt;" width="181" valign="top"&gt;   &lt;p class="ListParagraph" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;Skin&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;p class="NoSpacing"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;Hair muscle&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;Sweat gland&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td style="border-style: solid none; border-color: rgb(79, 129, 189) -moz-use-text-color; border-width: 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 135.9pt;" width="181" valign="top"&gt;   &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;p class="NoSpacing"&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;Contraction&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;p class="NoSpacing"&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;secretion&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td style="border-style: solid solid solid none; border-color: rgb(79, 129, 189) rgb(79, 129, 189) rgb(79, 129, 189) -moz-use-text-color; border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 135.9pt;" width="181" valign="top"&gt;   &lt;p class="NoSpacing"&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;p class="NoSpacing"&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;p class="NoSpacing"&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;-&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;p class="NoSpacing"&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;-&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;/td&gt;  &lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr style=""&gt;   &lt;td style="border-style: none none none solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color -moz-use-text-color -moz-use-text-color rgb(79, 129, 189); border-width: medium medium medium 1pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 135.9pt;" width="181" valign="top"&gt;   &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;Eyes&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;Iris sphincter&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td style="border: medium none ; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 135.9pt;" width="181" valign="top"&gt;   &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;-&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td style="border-style: none solid none none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color rgb(79, 129, 189) -moz-use-text-color -moz-use-text-color; border-width: medium 1pt medium medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 135.9pt;" width="181" valign="top"&gt;   &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;Contraction&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;/td&gt;  &lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr style=""&gt;   &lt;td style="border-style: solid none solid solid; border-color: rgb(79, 129, 189) -moz-use-text-color rgb(79, 129, 189) rgb(79, 129, 189); border-width: 1pt medium 1pt 1pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 135.9pt;" width="181" valign="top"&gt;   &lt;p class="ListParagraph" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;Circulatory System&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;p class="NoSpacing"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;Heart (rate   and strength)&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;p class="NoSpacing"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;Heart artery&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;p class="NoSpacing"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;Another   artery&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;p class="NoSpacing"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;Lung bronchi&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;p class="NoSpacing"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td style="border-style: solid none; border-color: rgb(79, 129, 189) -moz-use-text-color; border-width: 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 135.9pt;" width="181" valign="top"&gt;   &lt;p class="ListParagraph" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;p class="NoSpacing"&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;Increasing&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;p class="NoSpacing"&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;Expanding&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;p class="NoSpacing"&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;Tightening&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;p class="NoSpacing"&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;Expanding&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td style="border-style: solid solid solid none; border-color: rgb(79, 129, 189) rgb(79, 129, 189) rgb(79, 129, 189) -moz-use-text-color; border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 135.9pt;" width="181" valign="top"&gt;   &lt;p class="ListParagraph" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;p class="NoSpacing"&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;Decreasing&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;p class="NoSpacing"&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;Tightening&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;p class="NoSpacing"&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;Expanding&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;p class="NoSpacing"&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;Tightening&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;p class="NoSpacing"&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;/td&gt;  &lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr style=""&gt;   &lt;td style="border-style: none none none solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color -moz-use-text-color -moz-use-text-color rgb(79, 129, 189); border-width: medium medium medium 1pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 135.9pt;" width="181" valign="top"&gt;   &lt;p class="ListParagraph" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;Digestive Organs&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;p class="NoSpacing"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;Abdomen   muscle and intestine muscle&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;p class="NoSpacing"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;Salive gland&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;p class="NoSpacing"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;p class="NoSpacing"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;Abdomen   gland and intestine&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;p class="NoSpacing"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;Pancreas&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;p class="NoSpacing"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;Liver&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;p class="NoSpacing"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td style="border: medium none ; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 135.9pt;" width="181" valign="top"&gt;   &lt;p class="ListParagraph" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;p class="NoSpacing"&gt;Peristaltic declines&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;p class="NoSpacing"&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;p class="NoSpacing"&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;A little amount   of mucosa secretion&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;p class="NoSpacing"&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;-&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;p class="NoSpacing"&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;p class="NoSpacing"&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;-&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;p class="NoSpacing"&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;Bile flow is   blocked, glucose is released&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;p class="NoSpacing"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td style="border-style: none solid none none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color rgb(79, 129, 189) -moz-use-text-color -moz-use-text-color; border-width: medium 1pt medium medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 135.9pt;" width="181" valign="top"&gt;   &lt;p class="ListParagraph" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;p class="NoSpacing"&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;Peristaltic   increases&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;p class="NoSpacing"&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;p class="NoSpacing"&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;Secretion&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;p class="NoSpacing"&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;p class="NoSpacing"&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;Secretion&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;p class="NoSpacing"&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;p class="NoSpacing"&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;Secretion&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;p class="NoSpacing"&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;Bile flow is   stimulated&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;/td&gt;  &lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr style=""&gt;   &lt;td style="border-style: solid none solid solid; border-color: rgb(79, 129, 189) -moz-use-text-color rgb(79, 129, 189) rgb(79, 129, 189); border-width: 1pt medium 1pt 1pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 135.9pt;" width="181" valign="top"&gt;   &lt;p class="ListParagraph" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;Orinary Organs&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;p class="NoSpacing"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;Bladder   muscle&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;p class="NoSpacing"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;Bladder   sphincter&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;p class="NoSpacing"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;Adrenal   medulla&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;p class="NoSpacing"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td style="border-style: solid none; border-color: rgb(79, 129, 189) -moz-use-text-color; border-width: 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 135.9pt;" width="181" valign="top"&gt;   &lt;p class="ListParagraph" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;p class="NoSpacing"&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;Relaxation&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;p class="NoSpacing"&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;Contraction&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;p class="NoSpacing"&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;Secretion&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td style="border-style: solid solid solid none; border-color: rgb(79, 129, 189) rgb(79, 129, 189) rgb(79, 129, 189) -moz-use-text-color; border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 135.9pt;" width="181" valign="top"&gt;   &lt;p class="ListParagraph" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;p class="NoSpacing"&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;Contraction&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;p class="NoSpacing"&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;Relaxation&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;p class="NoSpacing"&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;p class="NoSpacing"&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;/td&gt;  &lt;/tr&gt; &lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: center;" align="center"&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: center;" align="center"&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in;"&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: center;" align="center"&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;DAMPAK PILIHAN STIMULASI AUTONOM&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;table class="MsoNormalTable" style="border: medium none ; border-collapse: collapse;" border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"&gt;  &lt;tbody&gt;&lt;tr style=""&gt;   &lt;td style="border-style: solid none none solid; border-color: rgb(79, 129, 189) -moz-use-text-color -moz-use-text-color rgb(79, 129, 189); border-width: 1pt medium medium 1pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; background: rgb(79, 129, 189) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; width: 135.9pt; -moz-background-clip: border; -moz-background-origin: padding; -moz-background-inline-policy: continuous;" width="181" valign="top"&gt;   &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: center;" align="center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;&lt;span  lang="IN" style="color:white;"&gt;Organ&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td style="border-style: solid none none; border-color: rgb(79, 129, 189) -moz-use-text-color -moz-use-text-color; border-width: 1pt medium medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; background: rgb(79, 129, 189) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; width: 135.9pt; -moz-background-clip: border; -moz-background-origin: padding; -moz-background-inline-policy: continuous;" width="181" valign="top"&gt;   &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: center;" align="center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;&lt;span  lang="IN" style="color:white;"&gt;Stimulasi Simpatetik&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td style="border-style: solid solid none none; border-color: rgb(79, 129, 189) rgb(79, 129, 189) -moz-use-text-color -moz-use-text-color; border-width: 1pt 1pt medium medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; background: rgb(79, 129, 189) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; width: 135.9pt; -moz-background-clip: border; -moz-background-origin: padding; -moz-background-inline-policy: continuous;" width="181" valign="top"&gt;   &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: center;" align="center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;&lt;span  lang="IN" style="color:white;"&gt;Stimulasi Parasimpatetik&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;/td&gt;  &lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr style=""&gt;   &lt;td style="border-style: solid none solid solid; border-color: rgb(79, 129, 189) -moz-use-text-color rgb(79, 129, 189) rgb(79, 129, 189); border-width: 1pt medium 1pt 1pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 135.9pt;" width="181" valign="top"&gt;   &lt;p class="ListParagraph" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;Kulit&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;p class="NoSpacing"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;Otot rambut&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;p class="NoSpacing"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;Kelenjar keringat&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;p class="NoSpacing"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td style="border-style: solid none; border-color: rgb(79, 129, 189) -moz-use-text-color; border-width: 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 135.9pt;" width="181" valign="top"&gt;   &lt;p class="NoSpacing"&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;p class="NoSpacing"&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;p class="NoSpacing"&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;Kontraksi&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;p class="NoSpacing"&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;Sekresi&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td style="border-style: solid solid solid none; border-color: rgb(79, 129, 189) rgb(79, 129, 189) rgb(79, 129, 189) -moz-use-text-color; border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 135.9pt;" width="181" valign="top"&gt;   &lt;p class="NoSpacing"&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;p class="NoSpacing"&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;p class="NoSpacing"&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;-&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;p class="NoSpacing"&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;-&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;/td&gt;  &lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr style=""&gt;   &lt;td style="border-style: none none none solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color -moz-use-text-color -moz-use-text-color rgb(79, 129, 189); border-width: medium medium medium 1pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 135.9pt;" width="181" valign="top"&gt;   &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;Mata&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;Sfingter iris&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td style="border: medium none ; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 135.9pt;" width="181" valign="top"&gt;   &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;-&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td style="border-style: none solid none none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color rgb(79, 129, 189) -moz-use-text-color -moz-use-text-color; border-width: medium 1pt medium medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 135.9pt;" width="181" valign="top"&gt;   &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;Kontraksi&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;/td&gt;  &lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr style=""&gt;   &lt;td style="border-style: solid none solid solid; border-color: rgb(79, 129, 189) -moz-use-text-color rgb(79, 129, 189) rgb(79, 129, 189); border-width: 1pt medium 1pt 1pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 135.9pt;" width="181" valign="top"&gt;   &lt;p class="ListParagraph" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;Sistem Sirkulasi&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;p class="NoSpacing"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;Jantung (laju dan kekuatan)&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;p class="NoSpacing"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;Arteri jantung&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;p class="NoSpacing"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;Arteri yang lain&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;p class="NoSpacing"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;Bronkus paru-paru&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;p class="NoSpacing"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td style="border-style: solid none; border-color: rgb(79, 129, 189) -moz-use-text-color; border-width: 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 135.9pt;" width="181" valign="top"&gt;   &lt;p class="ListParagraph" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;p class="NoSpacing"&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;Meningkat&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;p class="NoSpacing"&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;Mengembang&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;p class="NoSpacing"&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;Menyempit&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;p class="NoSpacing"&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;Mengembang&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td style="border-style: solid solid solid none; border-color: rgb(79, 129, 189) rgb(79, 129, 189) rgb(79, 129, 189) -moz-use-text-color; border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 135.9pt;" width="181" valign="top"&gt;   &lt;p class="ListParagraph" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;p class="NoSpacing"&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;Menurun&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;p class="NoSpacing"&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;Menyempit&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;p class="NoSpacing"&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;Mengembang&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;p class="NoSpacing"&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;Menyempit&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;p class="NoSpacing"&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;/td&gt;  &lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr style=""&gt;   &lt;td style="border-style: none none none solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color -moz-use-text-color -moz-use-text-color rgb(79, 129, 189); border-width: medium medium medium 1pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 135.9pt;" width="181" valign="top"&gt;   &lt;p class="ListParagraph" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;Organ Pencernaan&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;p class="NoSpacing"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;Otot lambung dan otot usus&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;p class="NoSpacing"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;Kelenjar ludah&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;p class="NoSpacing"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;Kelenjar lambung dan usus&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;p class="NoSpacing"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;Pankreas&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;p class="NoSpacing"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;Hati&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;p class="NoSpacing"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td style="border: medium none ; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 135.9pt;" width="181" valign="top"&gt;   &lt;p class="NoSpacing"&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;p class="NoSpacing"&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;p class="NoSpacing"&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;Peristalsis menurun&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;p class="NoSpacing"&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;p class="NoSpacing"&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;Sedikit sekresi lendir&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;p class="NoSpacing"&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;-&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;p class="NoSpacing"&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;-&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;p class="NoSpacing"&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;Aliran empedu dihambat, glukosan dilepaskan&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;p class="NoSpacing"&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td style="border-style: none solid none none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color rgb(79, 129, 189) -moz-use-text-color -moz-use-text-color; border-width: medium 1pt medium medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 135.9pt;" width="181" valign="top"&gt;   &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;Peristalsis meningkat&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;p class="NoSpacing"&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;Sekresi&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;p class="NoSpacing"&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;Sekresi&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;p class="NoSpacing"&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;Sekresi&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;p class="NoSpacing"&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;Aliran empedu dirangsang&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;/td&gt;  &lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr style=""&gt;   &lt;td style="border-style: solid none solid solid; border-color: rgb(79, 129, 189) -moz-use-text-color rgb(79, 129, 189) rgb(79, 129, 189); border-width: 1pt medium 1pt 1pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 135.9pt;" width="181" valign="top"&gt;   &lt;p class="ListParagraph" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;Organ Urinari&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;p class="NoSpacing"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;Otot kandung kemih&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;p class="NoSpacing"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;Sfingter kandung kemih&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;p class="NoSpacing"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;Medula adrena (anak ginjal)&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;p class="NoSpacing"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td style="border-style: solid none; border-color: rgb(79, 129, 189) -moz-use-text-color; border-width: 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 135.9pt;" width="181" valign="top"&gt;   &lt;p class="NoSpacing"&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;p class="NoSpacing"&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;p class="NoSpacing"&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;Relaksasi&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;p class="NoSpacing"&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;Kontraksi&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;p class="NoSpacing"&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;Sekresi&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td style="border-style: solid solid solid none; border-color: rgb(79, 129, 189) rgb(79, 129, 189) rgb(79, 129, 189) -moz-use-text-color; border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 135.9pt;" width="181" valign="top"&gt;   &lt;p class="ListParagraph" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;p class="NoSpacing"&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;Kontraksi&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;p class="NoSpacing"&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;Relaksasi&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;p class="NoSpacing"&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class="NoSpacing"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class="NoSpacing"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;/td&gt;  &lt;/tr&gt; &lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;  &lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/2420658526485901207-3443042250109766755?l=biologi-nugrahafitrah.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://biologi-nugrahafitrah.blogspot.com/feeds/3443042250109766755/comments/default' title='Poskan Komentar'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://biologi-nugrahafitrah.blogspot.com/2010/02/the-nervous-system-sistem-saraf.html#comment-form' title='0 Komentar'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2420658526485901207/posts/default/3443042250109766755'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2420658526485901207/posts/default/3443042250109766755'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://biologi-nugrahafitrah.blogspot.com/2010/02/the-nervous-system-sistem-saraf.html' title='A. The Nervous System (Sistem Saraf)'/><author><name>Biologi-nya Fitrah</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/15054540678297182245</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='28' height='32' src='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_YcYNKahbYFI/S5EgBWi7evI/AAAAAAAAAA8/VUBf0rQFvrk/S220/Ini+Gue.JPG'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2420658526485901207.post-128731193052837928</id><published>2010-02-25T04:08:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2010-02-25T06:09:00.102-08:00</updated><title type='text'>B. The Endocrine System (Sistem Endokrin)</title><content type='html'>&lt;meta equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"&gt;&lt;meta name="ProgId" content="Word.Document"&gt;&lt;meta name="Generator" content="Microsoft Word 11"&gt;&lt;meta name="Originator" content="Microsoft Word 11"&gt;&lt;link rel="File-List" href="file:///C:%5CDOCUME%7E1%5CHIRWAN%7E1.MM%5CLOCALS%7E1%5CTemp%5Cmsohtml1%5C01%5Cclip_filelist.xml"&gt;&lt;!--[if gte mso 9]&gt;&lt;xml&gt;  &lt;w:worddocument&gt;   &lt;w:view&gt;Normal&lt;/w:View&gt;   &lt;w:zoom&gt;0&lt;/w:Zoom&gt;   &lt;w:punctuationkerning/&gt;   &lt;w:validateagainstschemas/&gt;   &lt;w:saveifxmlinvalid&gt;false&lt;/w:SaveIfXMLInvalid&gt;   &lt;w:ignoremixedcontent&gt;false&lt;/w:IgnoreMixedContent&gt;   &lt;w:alwaysshowplaceholdertext&gt;false&lt;/w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText&gt;   &lt;w:compatibility&gt;    &lt;w:breakwrappedtables/&gt;    &lt;w:snaptogridincell/&gt;    &lt;w:wraptextwithpunct/&gt;    &lt;w:useasianbreakrules/&gt;    &lt;w:dontgrowautofit/&gt; 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	mso-style-parent:""; 	mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; 	mso-para-margin:0in; 	mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; 	mso-pagination:widow-orphan; 	font-size:10.0pt; 	font-family:"Times New Roman"; 	mso-ansi-language:#0400; 	mso-fareast-language:#0400; 	mso-bidi-language:#0400;} &lt;/style&gt; &lt;![endif]--&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;Endocrine system is the system which consists of glands and tissues producing hormone. Hormone is the chemical substance poduced by one part of a body which influences gland or other tissues activities, such as cell metabolism, reproduction, growth and development, behaviour, and homeostatic.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;Sistem endokrin adalah sistem yang terdiri atas kelenjar dan jaringan yang menghasilkan hormon. Hormon merupakan senyawa kimia yang dihasilkan oleh satu bagian tubuh yang mempengaruhi aktivitas kelenjar atau jaringan lain, misalnya metabolisme sel, reproduksi, pertumbuhan dan perkembangan tubuh, tingkah laku, dan homeostasis.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;The association between the endocrine system and the nervous system in the form of cooperative work is meant to maintain internal environment homeostasis, such as several hormones are involved in maintaining the level of calcium and sodium in the body. The following table shows the comparison between the endocrine system and nervous system.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;Asosiasi antara sistem endokrin dengan sistem saraf dalam bentuk kerjasama dalam menjaga homeostasis lingkungan internal, misalnya beberapa hormon terlibat dalam menjaga kadar kalsium dan natrium dalam tubuh. Pada tabel berikut ini ditunjukkan perbandingan antara sistem endokrin dengan sistem saraf.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;table class="MsoNormalTable" style="border: medium none ; border-collapse: collapse;" border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"&gt;  &lt;tbody&gt;&lt;tr style=""&gt;   &lt;td style="border-style: solid none none solid; border-color: rgb(79, 129, 189) -moz-use-text-color -moz-use-text-color rgb(79, 129, 189); border-width: 1pt medium medium 1pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; background: rgb(79, 129, 189) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; width: 55.05pt; -moz-background-clip: border; -moz-background-origin: padding; -moz-background-inline-policy: continuous;" width="73" valign="top"&gt;   &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: center;" align="center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span  lang="IN" style="color:white;"&gt;System&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td style="border-style: solid none none; border-color: rgb(79, 129, 189) -moz-use-text-color -moz-use-text-color; border-width: 1pt medium medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; background: rgb(79, 129, 189) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; width: 77.95pt; -moz-background-clip: border; -moz-background-origin: padding; -moz-background-inline-policy: continuous;" width="104" valign="top"&gt;   &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: center;" align="center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span  lang="IN" style="color:white;"&gt;Composer&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td style="border-style: solid none none; border-color: rgb(79, 129, 189) -moz-use-text-color -moz-use-text-color; border-width: 1pt medium medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; background: rgb(79, 129, 189) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; width: 163pt; -moz-background-clip: border; -moz-background-origin: padding; -moz-background-inline-policy: continuous;" width="217" valign="top"&gt;   &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: center;" align="center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span  lang="IN" style="color:white;"&gt;Action Type&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td style="border-style: solid solid none none; border-color: rgb(79, 129, 189) rgb(79, 129, 189) -moz-use-text-color -moz-use-text-color; border-width: 1pt 1pt medium medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; background: rgb(79, 129, 189) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; width: 111.7pt; -moz-background-clip: border; -moz-background-origin: padding; -moz-background-inline-policy: continuous;" width="149" valign="top"&gt;   &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: center;" align="center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span  lang="IN" style="color:white;"&gt;Influence&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;/td&gt;  &lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr style=""&gt;   &lt;td style="border-style: solid none solid solid; border-color: rgb(79, 129, 189) -moz-use-text-color rgb(79, 129, 189) rgb(79, 129, 189); border-width: 1pt medium 1pt 1pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 55.05pt;" width="73" valign="top"&gt;   &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: center;" align="center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;Nerves&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td style="border-style: solid none; border-color: rgb(79, 129, 189) -moz-use-text-color; border-width: 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 77.95pt;" width="104" valign="top"&gt;   &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: center;" align="center"&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;Neuron&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td style="border-style: solid none; border-color: rgb(79, 129, 189) -moz-use-text-color; border-width: 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 163pt;" width="217" valign="top"&gt;   &lt;p class="NoSpacing" style="margin-left: 15.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -13.5pt;"&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;1.&lt;span style=";font-family:&amp;quot;;font-size:7pt;"  &gt;     &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;Message   in electrical impulses which are transmitted through nerves.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;p class="NoSpacing" style="margin-left: 15.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.1pt;"&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;2.&lt;span style=";font-family:&amp;quot;;font-size:7pt;"  &gt;      &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;Neurotransmitter   allowing the impulses passing through the synapses.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;p class="NoSpacing" style="margin-left: 15.25pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -13.55pt;"&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;3.&lt;span style=";font-family:&amp;quot;;font-size:7pt;"  &gt;     &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;Very   fast message transfer.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td style="border-style: solid solid solid none; border-color: rgb(79, 129, 189) rgb(79, 129, 189) rgb(79, 129, 189) -moz-use-text-color; border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 111.7pt;" width="149" valign="top"&gt;   &lt;p class="NoSpacing" style="margin-left: 15.85pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -15.85pt;"&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;1.&lt;span style=";font-family:&amp;quot;;font-size:7pt;"  &gt;       &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;Causing   skeletal muscle contraction.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;p class="NoSpacing" style="margin-left: 15.85pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -15.85pt;"&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;2.&lt;span style=";font-family:&amp;quot;;font-size:7pt;"  &gt;       &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;Changing   the contraction of the smooth muscle and cardiac muscle.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;p class="NoSpacing" style="margin-left: 15.85pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -15.85pt;"&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;3.&lt;span style=";font-family:&amp;quot;;font-size:7pt;"  &gt;       &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;Causing   gland secretion&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;p class="NoSpacing" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;/td&gt;  &lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr style=""&gt;   &lt;td style="border-style: none none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color -moz-use-text-color rgb(79, 129, 189) rgb(79, 129, 189); border-width: medium medium 1pt 1pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 55.05pt;" width="73" valign="top"&gt;   &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: center;" align="center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;Endocrine&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td style="border-style: none none solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color -moz-use-text-color rgb(79, 129, 189); border-width: medium medium 1pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 77.95pt;" width="104" valign="top"&gt;   &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: center;" align="center"&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;Secretory cells&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td style="border-style: none none solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color -moz-use-text-color rgb(79, 129, 189); border-width: medium medium 1pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 163pt;" width="217" valign="top"&gt;   &lt;p class="NoSpacing" style="margin-left: 15.25pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;"&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;1.&lt;span style=";font-family:&amp;quot;;font-size:7pt;"  &gt;      &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;Message   in the form of chemical compound (hormone) is released into blood circulation&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;p class="NoSpacing" style="margin-left: 15.25pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;"&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;2.&lt;span style=";font-family:&amp;quot;;font-size:7pt;"  &gt;      &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;Receptor   binds hormone in target organ&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;p class="NoSpacing" style="margin-left: 15.25pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;"&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;3.&lt;span style=";font-family:&amp;quot;;font-size:7pt;"  &gt;      &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;Slow   reaction and longer effects&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td style="border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color rgb(79, 129, 189) rgb(79, 129, 189) -moz-use-text-color; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 111.7pt;" width="149" valign="top"&gt;   &lt;p class="NoSpacing" style="margin-left: 19.45pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;1.&lt;span style=";font-family:&amp;quot;;font-size:7pt;"  &gt;        &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;Stimulating   smooth muscle contraction&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;p class="NoSpacing" style="margin-left: 19.45pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;2.&lt;span style=";font-family:&amp;quot;;font-size:7pt;"  &gt;        &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;Stimulaitng   gland secretion&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;p class="NoSpacing" style="margin-left: 19.45pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;3.&lt;span style=";font-family:&amp;quot;;font-size:7pt;"  &gt;        &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;Controlling   growth&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;/td&gt;  &lt;/tr&gt; &lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;table class="MsoNormalTable" style="border: medium none ; border-collapse: collapse;" border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"&gt;  &lt;tbody&gt;&lt;tr style=""&gt;   &lt;td style="border-style: solid none none solid; border-color: rgb(79, 129, 189) -moz-use-text-color -moz-use-text-color rgb(79, 129, 189); border-width: 1pt medium medium 1pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; background: rgb(79, 129, 189) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; width: 55.05pt; -moz-background-clip: border; -moz-background-origin: padding; -moz-background-inline-policy: continuous;" width="73" valign="top"&gt;   &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: center;" align="center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;&lt;span  lang="IN" style="color:white;"&gt;Sistem&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td style="border-style: solid none none; border-color: rgb(79, 129, 189) -moz-use-text-color -moz-use-text-color; border-width: 1pt medium medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; background: rgb(79, 129, 189) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; width: 77.95pt; -moz-background-clip: border; -moz-background-origin: padding; -moz-background-inline-policy: continuous;" width="104" valign="top"&gt;   &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: center;" align="center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;&lt;span  lang="IN" style="color:white;"&gt;Penyusun&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td style="border-style: solid none none; border-color: rgb(79, 129, 189) -moz-use-text-color -moz-use-text-color; border-width: 1pt medium medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; background: rgb(79, 129, 189) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; width: 172.75pt; -moz-background-clip: border; -moz-background-origin: padding; -moz-background-inline-policy: continuous;" width="230" valign="top"&gt;   &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: center;" align="center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;&lt;span  lang="IN" style="color:white;"&gt;Jenis Aksi&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td style="border-style: solid solid none none; border-color: rgb(79, 129, 189) rgb(79, 129, 189) -moz-use-text-color -moz-use-text-color; border-width: 1pt 1pt medium medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; background: rgb(79, 129, 189) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; width: 101.95pt; -moz-background-clip: border; -moz-background-origin: padding; -moz-background-inline-policy: continuous;" width="136" valign="top"&gt;   &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: center;" align="center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;&lt;span  lang="IN" style="color:white;"&gt;Pengaruh&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;/td&gt;  &lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr style=""&gt;   &lt;td style="border-style: solid none solid solid; border-color: rgb(79, 129, 189) -moz-use-text-color rgb(79, 129, 189) rgb(79, 129, 189); border-width: 1pt medium 1pt 1pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 55.05pt;" width="73" valign="top"&gt;   &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: center;" align="center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;Saraf&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td style="border-style: solid none; border-color: rgb(79, 129, 189) -moz-use-text-color; border-width: 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 77.95pt;" width="104" valign="top"&gt;   &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: center;" align="center"&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;Neuron&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td style="border-style: solid none; border-color: rgb(79, 129, 189) -moz-use-text-color; border-width: 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 172.75pt;" width="230" valign="top"&gt;   &lt;p class="NoSpacing" style="margin-left: 15.85pt; text-indent: -14.15pt;"&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;1.&lt;span style=";font-family:&amp;quot;;font-size:7pt;"  &gt;      &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;Pesan dalam bentuk impuls-impuls listrik   disampaikan melalui serabut-serabut saraf.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;p class="NoSpacing" style="margin-left: 15.85pt; text-indent: -15.85pt;"&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;2.&lt;span style=";font-family:&amp;quot;;font-size:7pt;"  &gt;       &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;Neurotransmitter memungkinkan impuls   melewati sinapsis.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;p class="NoSpacing" style="margin-left: 15.85pt; text-indent: -14.15pt;"&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;3.&lt;span style=";font-family:&amp;quot;;font-size:7pt;"  &gt;    &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;Aksi atau penyampaian pesan sangat cepat.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td style="border-style: solid solid solid none; border-color: rgb(79, 129, 189) rgb(79, 129, 189) rgb(79, 129, 189) -moz-use-text-color; border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 101.95pt;" width="136" valign="top"&gt;   &lt;p class="NoSpacing" style="margin-left: 14.95pt; text-indent: -14.95pt;"&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;1.&lt;span style=";font-family:&amp;quot;;font-size:7pt;"  &gt;      &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;Menyebabkan kontraksi otot rangka.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;p class="NoSpacing" style="margin-left: 13.2pt; text-indent: -13.2pt;"&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;1.&lt;span style=";font-family:&amp;quot;;font-size:7pt;"  &gt;   &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;Mengubah kontraksi otot polos dan otot jantung.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;p class="NoSpacing" style="margin-left: 13.2pt; text-indent: -13.2pt;"&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;2.&lt;span style=";font-family:&amp;quot;;font-size:7pt;"  &gt;   &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;Meyebabkan sekresi kelenjar.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;/td&gt;  &lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr style=""&gt;   &lt;td style="border-style: none none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color -moz-use-text-color rgb(79, 129, 189) rgb(79, 129, 189); border-width: medium medium 1pt 1pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 55.05pt;" width="73" valign="top"&gt;   &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: center;" align="center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;Endokrin&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td style="border-style: none none solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color -moz-use-text-color rgb(79, 129, 189); border-width: medium medium 1pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 77.95pt;" width="104" valign="top"&gt;   &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: center;" align="center"&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;Sel-sel sekretori&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td style="border-style: none none solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color -moz-use-text-color rgb(79, 129, 189); border-width: medium medium 1pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 172.75pt;" width="230" valign="top"&gt;   &lt;p class="NoSpacing" style="margin-left: 15.85pt; text-indent: -14.15pt;"&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;1.&lt;span style=";font-family:&amp;quot;;font-size:7pt;"  &gt;      &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;Pesan dalam bentuk senyawa kimia   (hormon) dilepaskan ke dalam aliran darah.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;p class="NoSpacing" style="margin-left: 15.85pt; text-indent: -14.15pt;"&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;2.&lt;span style=";font-family:&amp;quot;;font-size:7pt;"  &gt;      &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;Reseptor mengikat hormon pada organ   target.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;p class="NoSpacing" style="margin-left: 15.85pt; text-indent: -14.15pt;"&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;3.&lt;span style=";font-family:&amp;quot;;font-size:7pt;"  &gt;      &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;Reaksi lambat dan dampaknya lebih lama.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td style="border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color rgb(79, 129, 189) rgb(79, 129, 189) -moz-use-text-color; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 101.95pt;" width="136" valign="top"&gt;   &lt;p class="NoSpacing" style="margin-left: 16.75pt; text-indent: -16.75pt;"&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;1.&lt;span style=";font-family:&amp;quot;;font-size:7pt;"  &gt;       &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;Merangsang kontraksi otot polos.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;p class="NoSpacing" style="margin-left: 16.75pt; text-indent: -16.75pt;"&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;2.&lt;span style=";font-family:&amp;quot;;font-size:7pt;"  &gt;       &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;Merangsang sekresi kelenjar&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;p class="NoSpacing" style="margin-left: 16.75pt; text-indent: -16.75pt;"&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;3.&lt;span style=";font-family:&amp;quot;;font-size:7pt;"  &gt;       &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;Mengatur. pertumbuhan.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;/td&gt;  &lt;/tr&gt; &lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 53.45pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;b style=""&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;1.&lt;span style=";font-family:&amp;quot;;font-size:7pt;"  &gt;      &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;b style=""&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;Types of Tissues and Glands Composing Endocrine System&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 53.45pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;b style=""&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;Macam-Macam Jaringan dan Kelenjar Penyusun Sistem Endokrin&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 35.45pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;Types of tissues and glands composing endocrine system are as follows.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 53.45pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;b style=""&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(33, 88, 104);" lang="IN"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;a.&lt;span style=";font-family:&amp;quot;;font-size:7pt;"  &gt;     &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;b style=""&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(33, 88, 104);" lang="IN"&gt;Hypothalamus and Hypophysis Glands&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 53.45pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;b style=""&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(33, 88, 104);" lang="IN"&gt;Kelenjar Hipotalamus dan Hipofisis&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 53.45pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;Hypothalamus controls internal environment through autonomy system, for example in controlling heart beats, body temperature, water balance, and hypophisis gland secretion.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;"&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;Hipotalamus mengontrol lingkungan internal melalui sistem otonom, contohnya membantu mengontrol detak jantung, suhu tubuh, keseimbangan air, dan sekresi dari kelenjar hipofisis.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;Hypophisis gland (pituitary) lies within the loop of celaturcica bone in the center of sfenoid bone. It is often called as the master of glands because it has many functions.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;"&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;Kelenjar hipofisis (pituitari) terletak di dalam lekukan tulang selatursika di bagian tengah tulang baji. Kelenjar tersebut sering dikenal sebagai master of glands karena mempunyai fungsi yang sangat banyak.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;Hypophisis gland comprises of two lobes (parts), which are the anterior lobe and the posterior lobe.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;"&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;Kelenjar hipofisis tersusun atas dua lobus (bagian), yaitu bagian depan (lobus anterior) dan belakang (lobus posterior).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;"&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;The anterior of hypophisis gland produces several hormones which are as follows.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;"&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;Bagian depan kelenjar hipofisis menghasilkan beberapa hormon yaitu sebagai berikut.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 53.45pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;a.&lt;span style=";font-family:&amp;quot;;font-size:7pt;"  &gt;     &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;Adrenocorticotropic ( ACTH) has the function to control the synthesis and secretion of thyroid hormon in adrenal cortex gland.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 53.45pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;Adrenokortikotropik (ACTH) berfungsi mengatur sintesis dan sekresi hormon tiroid pada kelenjar tiroid.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 53.45pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 53.45pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;b.&lt;span style=";font-family:&amp;quot;;font-size:7pt;"  &gt;     &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;Thyrotropin (TSH = thyroid-stimulating hormone) has the function to control the synthesis and secretion of thyroxin hormone in thyroid gland.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 53.45pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;Tirotropin berfungsi untuk mengatur sintesis dan sekresi hormon tiroksin pada kelenjar tiroid.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 53.45pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;c.&lt;span style=";font-family:&amp;quot;;font-size:7pt;"  &gt;     &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;Prolactin (PRL) has the function to influence milk gland growth and lactation as well as maintain corpus luteum and the secrete (progesteron hormone).&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 53.45pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;Prolaktin (PRL) berfungsi untuk mempengaruhi pertumbuhan kelenjar air susu dan laktasi serta memelihara korpus luteum dan sekresinya (hormon progesteron)&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in;"&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 53.45pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;d.&lt;span style=";font-family:&amp;quot;;font-size:7pt;"  &gt;     &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;Somatothropic hormone (STH) has the function to stimulate skeleton and muscle growth as well as increase blood sugar level.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 53.45pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;Somatotropin (STH) berfungsi untuk merangsang pertumbuhan rangka dan otot, serta menaikkan kadar gula darah.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 35.45pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 53.45pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;e.&lt;span style=";font-family:&amp;quot;;font-size:7pt;"  &gt;     &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;Gonadotrophic consists of two hormones related to reproductive system, which are as follows.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 53.45pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;Gonadotropik terdiri atas hormone yang berhubungan sistem reproduksi, yaitu sebagai berikut.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 53.45pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 49.65pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in;"&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;-&lt;span style=";font-family:&amp;quot;;font-size:7pt;"  &gt;             &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), in male it has the function to control testes development and spermatogenesis, while in female it has the function to control ovarium development and influence follicle development.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 49.65pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in;"&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;-&lt;span style=";font-family:&amp;quot;;font-size:7pt;"  &gt;             &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;Follicle stimulating hormon (FSH), pada pria berfungsi untuk mengatur perkembangan testis dan spermatogenesis, sedangkan pada perempuan untuk mengatur perkembangan ovarium dan mempengaruhi perkembangan folikel&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 49.65pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 49.65pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in;"&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;-&lt;span style=";font-family:&amp;quot;;font-size:7pt;"  &gt;             &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;Lutenizing hormone (LH), in male it has the functions to control secretion of testoterone and endosterone, while in female it has the function to determine ovulation and form corpus luteum originating from follicle.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 49.65pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in;"&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;-&lt;span style=";font-family:&amp;quot;;font-size:7pt;"  &gt;             &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;Lutenizing hormon (LH), pada pria mengatur sekresi dari testoteron dan endosteron, sedangkan pada perempuan menentukan ovulasi dan membentuk korpus luteum dari folikel.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle"&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 53.45pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;f.&lt;span style=";font-family:&amp;quot;;font-size:7pt;"  &gt;        &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;Melanocyt stimulating hormone (MSH) or intermedin functions in melanophore development and melanine synthesis as the skin pigment.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 53.45pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;Melanocyt stimulating hormone (MSH) atau intermedin berfungsi untuk pengembangan melanofor dans intesis melanin sebagai pigmen kulit.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;The posterior of hypophisis gland produces several hormones, which are as follows.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;Bagian belakang kelenjar hipofisis menghasilkan beberapa hormon sebagai berikut.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;a.&lt;span style=";font-family:&amp;quot;;font-size:7pt;"  &gt;     &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;Antidiuretica hormone (ADH) or vasopresin has the function to increase the water reabsorption in kidney nephron and increase blood pressure by stimulating anteriole contraction.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0.75in; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;Antidiuretika hormone (ADH) atau vasopresin berfungsi untuk meningkatkan reabsorpsi air pada nefron ginjal dan meningkatkan tekanan darah dengan cara merangsang kontraksi anteriol.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0.75in; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;b.&lt;span style=";font-family:&amp;quot;;font-size:7pt;"  &gt;     &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;Oxytocin has the function to control mother’s milk secretion, to stimulate uterus contraction, to assist sperm transport, and to play roles in hormones secretion from anterior hypophysis.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0.75in; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;Oksitosin berfungsi untuk mengatur pengeluaran air susu ibu (ASI), merangsang kontraksi rahim, membantu transpor sperma dan berperan dalam pengeluaran hormon dari hipofisis bagian depan.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;b style=""&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(36, 64, 97);" lang="IN"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;b.&lt;span style=";font-family:&amp;quot;;font-size:7pt;"  &gt;     &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;b style=""&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(36, 64, 97);" lang="IN"&gt;Thyroid Gland&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0.75in; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;b style=""&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(36, 64, 97);" lang="IN"&gt;Kelenjar Tiroid (Gondok)&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;Thyroid gland produces tyroxine hormone and triiodotyronin which play roles in growth, development, and metabolism rate.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;"&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;Kelenjar tiroid menghasilkan hormon tiroid dan triiodotironin yang berperan dalam pertumbuhan, perkembangan dan laju metabolisme.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;Thyroid gland actively absorps iodine from blood to be able to secrete hormone. If the iodine intake is less than normal, it will cause thyroid gland swelling. Thyroxin hormone deficiency syndrom is called hypothyroidism. It hte condition occurs during childhood, it may caus cretinism (dwarf). The body condition which undergoes thyroxin hormone excess is called hyperthyroidism. A person with hyperthyroidism will have hypermetabolism symptom Morbus basedowi.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;"&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;Kelenjar tiroid giat menyerap yodium dari darah agar dapat menyekresi hormon. Jika asupan yodium kurang, maka akan menyebabkan pembesaran kelenjar tiroid atau gondok. Kondisi tubuh yang mengalami kekurangan hormon tiroksin disebut hipotiroidisme. Jika terjadi pada masa anak-anak, maka dapat menyebabkan kretinisme (kerdil). Kondisi tubuh yang mengalami kelebihan hormon tiroksin disebut hipertiroidisme. Seseorang yang mengalaminya dapat menderita gejal hipermetabolisme atau Morbus basedowi.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;b style=""&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(36, 64, 97);" lang="IN"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;c.&lt;span style=";font-family:&amp;quot;;font-size:7pt;"  &gt;     &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;b style=""&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(36, 64, 97);" lang="IN"&gt;Epiphyses Gland&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0.75in; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;b style=""&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(36, 64, 97);" lang="IN"&gt;Kelenjar Epifise&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;Epiphyses gland lies in dorsal brain. The function of hormone secreted by this gland is unknown yet.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;Kelenjar epifise terletak pada otak bagian dorsal. Hormon yang dihasilkan oleh kelenjar ini belum diketahui pengaruhnya.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;b style=""&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(36, 64, 97);" lang="IN"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;d.&lt;span style=";font-family:&amp;quot;;font-size:7pt;"  &gt;     &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;b style=""&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(36, 64, 97);" lang="IN"&gt;Parathyroid Gland&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0.75in; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;b style=""&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(36, 64, 97);" lang="IN"&gt;Kelenjar Paratiroid&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;Parathyroid gland attaches to thyroid gland. The function is to produce parathyroid hormone (PTH). The PTH plays a role in regulating calcium exchange in blood and in decreasing phosphate level.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;Kelenjar paratiroid menempel pada kelenjar tiroid. Berfungsi untuk menghasilkan hormon paratiroid. Hormon ini berperan dalam mengatur pertukaran zat kalsium dalam darah serta menurunkan kadar fosfat.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;b style=""&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(36, 64, 97);" lang="IN"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;e.&lt;span style=";font-family:&amp;quot;;font-size:7pt;"  &gt;     &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;b style=""&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(36, 64, 97);" lang="IN"&gt;Thymus Gland&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0.75in; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;b style=""&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(36, 64, 97);" lang="IN"&gt;Kelenjar Timus&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;The function of thymus gland is to produce somatothropin hormone which is growth hormone producing lymphocyte and influencing body growth. The hormone functions during childhood and dies during adolescence.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;Kelenjar timus berfungsi untuk menghasilkan hormon somatotropin yaitu hormon pertumbuhan yang berfungsi untuk menghasilkan limfosit dan pertumbuhan badan. Hormon ini hanya berfungsi pada masa anak-anak, sedangkan pada masa dewasa kelenjar timus mati.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;Children with thymus gland deficiency will become dwarf, whereas excessive thymus gland will cause gigantism (giant body) acromegaly which is a pipe bone growth to the side.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;Anak-anak yang kekurangan hormon timus akan mengalami kekerdilan, sedangkan jika kelebihan akan mempunyai tubuh raksasa atau gigantisme, serta dapat menimbulkan akromegati, yaitu pertumbuhan ujung tulang pipa ke arah samping.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;b style=""&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(36, 64, 97);" lang="IN"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;f.&lt;span style=";font-family:&amp;quot;;font-size:7pt;"  &gt;        &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;b style=""&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(36, 64, 97);" lang="IN"&gt;Adrenal Gland&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0.75in; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;b style=""&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(36, 64, 97);" lang="IN"&gt;Kelenjar Adrenal (Anak Ginjal)&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;Adrenal gland consists of cortex (outer part) and medulla (inner part). Cortex secretes several groups of steroid hormones, which are as follows.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;Kelenjar adrenal terdiri atas korteks (luar) dan medula (dalam). Pada bagian korteks menghasilkan beberapa kelompok hormon steroid yaitu sebagai berikut.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;1.&lt;span style=";font-family:&amp;quot;;font-size:7pt;"  &gt;      &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;Glucocorticoid has the function to control metabolism (carbohydrate, protein, lipid), blood sugar level, and immunity against infection, i.e. citosol.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0.75in; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;Glukokortikoid berfungsi untuk mengontrol metabolisme (karbohidrat, protein, lemak), kadar gula darah, dan pertahanan terhadap infeksi. Contoh hormonnya adalah kortisol.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0.75in; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;2.&lt;span style=";font-family:&amp;quot;;font-size:7pt;"  &gt;      &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;Mineralcolticoid has the function to control salt and water balance in blood, blood pressure, and to increase natrium reabsorption in kidney tubules, i.e. aldostero&lt;/span&gt;n&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0.75in; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;Mineralokortikoid berfungsi untuk mengontrol keseimbangan garam dan air di dalam darah, tekanan darah, dan meningkatkan reabsorpsi ion natrium di ginjal serta reabsorpsi air di tubulus ginjal. Contoh hormonnya adalah aldosteron.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0.75in; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;3.&lt;span style=";font-family:&amp;quot;;font-size:7pt;"  &gt;      &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;Sex hormone includes male hormone (androgen) and female hormone (estrogen)&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0.75in; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;Hormon seks berupa hormon pria (androgen) dan hormon wanita (estrogen).&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;Deficiency of adrenal cortex hormone will generate Addison disease. Convertly, excessive of this hormone will cause Cushing syndrome.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;Kekurangan hormon korteks adrenal menyebabkan penyakit Addison. Kebalikannya, jika sekresi hormon tersebut berlebihan menyebabkan sindrom Cushing.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;Medulla produces adrenalin hormone (epinefrin) and noradrenalin (norepinephrine). Adrenalin has the function to maintain blood pressure and heart beat and also to convert glycogen into glucose which increases blood sugar level. Noradrenalin acts conversely with adrenalin and functions in decreasing blood pressure.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;Pada bagian medula menghasilkan hormon adrenalin (epinefrin) dan noradrenalin (norepinefrin). Adrenalin berfungsi untuk menekan tekanan darah dan denyut jantung serta mengubah glikogen menjadi glukosa sehingga dapat menaikkan kadar gula darah. Noradrenalin bekerja berlawanan dengan adrenalin dan berfungsi untuk menurunkan tekanan darah.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;b style=""&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(36, 64, 97);" lang="IN"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;g.&lt;span style=";font-family:&amp;quot;;font-size:7pt;"  &gt;     &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;b style=""&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(36, 64, 97);" lang="IN"&gt;Pancreas Gland&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0.75in; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;b style=""&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(36, 64, 97);" lang="IN"&gt;Kelenjar Pankreas&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;Pancreas gland lies transversally between kidneys. It functions as exocrine gland producing digesting secrete or as endocrine gland producing hormone.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;"&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;Kelenjar pankreas melintang di antara ginjal. Berfungsi sebagai kelenjar eksokrin yang menghasilkan getah pencernaan ataupun sebagai kelenjar endokrin yang menghasilkan hormon.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;Pancreas gland is composed of a collection islets of Langerhans cells. The hormones secreted by this gland are as follows.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;"&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;Kelenjar endokrin pankreas disusun oleh kelompok sel pulau-pulau Langerhans. Hormon yang disekresi kelenjar tersebut adalah sebagai berikut.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;"&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 53.45pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;1.&lt;span style=";font-family:&amp;quot;;font-size:7pt;"  &gt;      &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;Insulin converts glucose into glycogen in liver and striated muscle and encourages glucose usage by peripheral tissues. A person with insulin deficiency will have diabetes mellitus.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 53.45pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;Insulin mengubah glukosa menjadi glikogen pada hati dan otot lurik, serta mendorong pemakaian glukosa oleh jaringan perifer. Seseorang yagn kekurangan hormon tersebut dapat menderita penyakit diabetes melitus (kencing manis).&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 53.45pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;2.&lt;span style=";font-family:&amp;quot;;font-size:7pt;"  &gt;      &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;Glucagon increases blood sugar level by converting glycogen into glucose.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 53.45pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;Glukagon menaikkan gula darah dengan mengubah glikogen menjadi glukosa.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;b style=""&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(36, 64, 97);" lang="IN"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;h.&lt;span style=";font-family:&amp;quot;;font-size:7pt;"  &gt;      &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;b style=""&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(36, 64, 97);" lang="IN"&gt;Sex Gland (Gonad)&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0.75in; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;b style=""&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(36, 64, 97);" lang="IN"&gt;Kelenjar Kelamin (Gonad)&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;Gonad in male is testes that is necessary to produce sperm cells and testoterone hormone. It is very important to stimulate secondary sexual characteristics and sexual behaviour.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;Gonad pada pria berupa testis yang berfungsi untuk menghasilkan sel sperma dan hormon testoteron. Hormon tersebut berguna untuk merangsang ciri-ciri kelamin sekunder dan tingkah laku seksual.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;Gonad in female is ovarium whose function is to produce several hormones which are as follows.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;Gonad wanita berupa ovarium yang berfungsi untuk menghasilkan beberapa hormon, sebagai berikut.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;1.&lt;span style=";font-family:&amp;quot;;font-size:7pt;"  &gt;      &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;Estrogen which has function to stimulate secondary sexual characteristics and sexual behaviour.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0.75in; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;Estrogen berfungsi untuk merangsang pertumbuhan ciri-ciri kelamin sekunder dan tingkah laku seksual.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0.75in; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;2.&lt;span style=";font-family:&amp;quot;;font-size:7pt;"  &gt;      &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;Progesterone which has function to maintain pregnancy and the growth and development of milk gland.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0.75in; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;Progesteron berfungsi untuk memelihara kehamilan serta perkembangan dan pertumbuhan kelenjar air susu.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0.75in; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;3.&lt;span style=";font-family:&amp;quot;;font-size:7pt;"  &gt;      &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;Relaxin which has function to prevent uterus contraction and to ease delivery process.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 53.45pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;Relaksin berfungsi untuk mencegah kontraksi rahim dan mempermudah proses kelahiran.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;b style=""&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(36, 64, 97);" lang="IN"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;i.&lt;span style=";font-family:&amp;quot;;font-size:7pt;"  &gt;        &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;b style=""&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(36, 64, 97);" lang="IN"&gt;Intestine and Stomach&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0.75in; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;b style=""&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(36, 64, 97);" lang="IN"&gt;Usus dan Lambung&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;Intestine and stomach produce peptide hormone which controls digestive secretion. Intestine secretes secretin and colesistokinin hormone. Secretin is necessary to stimulate the secretion, while colesistokinin is necessary to stimulate bile secretion. Stomach produces gastrin which functions in stimulating gastric juice secretion.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;Usus dan lambung menghasilkan hormon peptida yang mengatur sekresi pencernaan. Usus menyekresi hormon sekretin dan kolesistokinin. Sekretin berfungsi untuk merangsang pengeluaran empedu. Lambung menghasilkan gastrin yang berfungsi untuk merangsang pengeluaran getah lambung.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;Source(sumber) : Biology 2 For Senior High School Year XI, Yudhistira&lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/2420658526485901207-128731193052837928?l=biologi-nugrahafitrah.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://biologi-nugrahafitrah.blogspot.com/feeds/128731193052837928/comments/default' title='Poskan Komentar'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://biologi-nugrahafitrah.blogspot.com/2010/02/b-endocrine-system-sistem-endokrin.html#comment-form' title='1 Komentar'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2420658526485901207/posts/default/128731193052837928'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2420658526485901207/posts/default/128731193052837928'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://biologi-nugrahafitrah.blogspot.com/2010/02/b-endocrine-system-sistem-endokrin.html' title='B. The Endocrine System (Sistem Endokrin)'/><author><name>Biologi-nya Fitrah</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/15054540678297182245</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='28' height='32' src='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_YcYNKahbYFI/S5EgBWi7evI/AAAAAAAAAA8/VUBf0rQFvrk/S220/Ini+Gue.JPG'/></author><thr:total>1</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2420658526485901207.post-4241663123894159028</id><published>2010-02-25T04:00:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2010-02-25T06:07:35.740-08:00</updated><title type='text'>C. 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&lt;/style&gt;&lt;!--[if gte mso 10]&gt; &lt;style&gt;  /* Style Definitions */  table.MsoNormalTable 	{mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; 	mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; 	mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; 	mso-style-noshow:yes; 	mso-style-parent:""; 	mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; 	mso-para-margin:0in; 	mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; 	mso-pagination:widow-orphan; 	font-size:10.0pt; 	font-family:"Times New Roman"; 	mso-ansi-language:#0400; 	mso-fareast-language:#0400; 	mso-bidi-language:#0400;} &lt;/style&gt; &lt;![endif]--&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;Sense is a sensory receptor organ that has the function to receive stimuli. Sensory receptor is a structure that receives stimuli from external environment (exteroreceptor), such as smell,&lt;span style=""&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;colour, and taste or internal stimuli (interoreceptor), such as presoreceptor, osmoreceptor, and chemoreceptor.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;"&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;Indra adalan organ reseptor sensorik yang berfungsi untuk menerima rangsang. Reseptor sensorik adalah struktur penerima rangsang dari lingkungan luar (eksteroreseptor) seperti bau, warna, dan rasa ataupun rangsangan dari dalam (interoreseptor) contohnya presoreseptor, osmoreseptor, dan kemoreseptor.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;Sensory receptor can be distinguished based on the detected signal characteristic, namely chemoreceptor, which detects chemical stimulation, nociceptor (pain receptor) which detects pain feeling, photoreceptor which detects light, mechanoreceptor which detects stimulation of motion, touch, and pressure, and thermoreceptor whic detects temperature change.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;"&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;Reseptor sensorik dapat dibedakan berdasarkan sifat sinyal yang dideteksi, yaitu kemoreseptor, yang mendeteksi rangsangan kimia, nosiseptor yang mendeteksi rasa sakit, fotoreseptor yang mendeteksi sinar, mekanoreseptor yang mendeteksi rangsangan gerak, sentuhan, dan tekanan, serta termoreseptor yang mendeteksi perubahan suhu.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;We recognize that there are five senses in our body,&lt;span style=""&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;which are touch sense (skin), taste sense (tongue), smell sense (nose), hearing and balance sense (ears), and vision sense (eyes).&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;"&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;Kita mengenal lima indra pada tubuh kita, yaitu indra peraba (kulit), indra pengecap (lidah), indra pembau (hidung), indra pendengaran dan keseimbangan (telinga), serta indra penglihatan (mata).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 53.45pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;b style=""&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;1.&lt;span style=";font-family:&amp;quot;;font-size:7pt;"  &gt;      &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;b style=""&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;Skin&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 53.45pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;b style=""&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;Kulit&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 35.45pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;Skin comprises of five receptors, namely receptor of touch (Meissner nerve and Merkel disc), pressure (Paccini nerve), pain (nerve without membrane), heat (Ruffini nerve or Mazzoni golgy), and cold (Krause nerve).&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;"&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;Kulit mengandung lima macam reseptor yaitu reseptor terhadap sentuhan (saraf Meissner dan diskus Merkel), tekanan (saraf Paccini), sakit/nyeri (saraf tanpa selaput), panas (saraf Ruffini atau golgi Mazzoni), dan dingin (saraf Krause).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;"&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;Sensory nerves on skin are scattered unevenly and can be found in different depth. Heat and cold stimulations are received by different receptor, so that we can differentiate between hot and cold.&lt;span style=""&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;A strong pain stimulation affecting the skin generates pain receptor to react. Pain sensation is a protection to our body because pain is a signal pf wound on our body.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;"&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;Saraf-saraf sensorik pada kulit tersebar secara tidak merata dan berada pada kedalaman yang berbeda. Rangsang panas dan dingin diterima oleh reseptor yang berbeda sehingga kita dapat membedakan rasa panas dan dingin. Rangsang sakit yang cukup kuat mengenai kulit menyebabkan penerima rangsang sakit yang ada di dalam kulit bereaksi terhadap rangsang tersebut. Sensasi rasa sakit merupakan alat pelindung karena rasa sakit merupakan sinyal adanya luka pada tubuh.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 53.45pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;b style=""&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;2.&lt;span style=";font-family:&amp;quot;;font-size:7pt;"  &gt;      &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;b style=""&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;Tongue&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 53.45pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;b style=""&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;Lidah&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 35.45pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;Taste is produced from chemical stimulation in the form of solution. At the tip of taste nerves there is a taste papillae (gemma gastatory). The taste papillae has a bottle-like (pumpkin) shape which lies in front, back, and along the tongue edge. It is composed of support cells and taste cells containing microvillus. In microvillus there is protein molecule receptor that enables the brain to detect the taste of sweet, bitter, salty, or sour.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;"&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;Rasa dihasilkan dari hasil rangsang kimia berupa larutan. Ujung saraf pengecap terdapat pada papil pengecap (gemma gustatoria). Papil pengecap berbentuk seperti botol (labu) yang terdapat di sebelah depan, belakang, dan sepanjang tepi lidah. Papil tersebut tersusun atas sel pendukung dan sel pengecap yang mempunyai mikrovili. Pada mikrovili terdapat reseptor molekul&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt; &lt;i style=""&gt;protein sehingga otak dapat mendeteksi rasa manis, pahit, asin, ataupun masam.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;"&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;The food mixed with saliva will go into taste papillae through the pores. It will stimulate nerve terminal with hair like structure. Then the message is carried to brain and nerve base, and finally it is interpreted as taste.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;"&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;Makanan yang bercampur dnegan air ludah akan memasuki papila pengecap melalui pori-pori. Hal tersebut akan merangsang pangkal saraf yang berbentuk seperti rambut. Selanjutnya pesan akan dibawa ke otak dari pangkal saraf, dan akhirnya diinterpretasikan sebagai rasa.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 53.45pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;b style=""&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;3.&lt;span style=";font-family:&amp;quot;;font-size:7pt;"  &gt;      &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;b style=""&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;Nose&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 53.45pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;b style=""&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;Hidung&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 35.45pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0.55pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;Smell sense is composed of olfactory ephitelial tissues and olfactory receptor cells which are located on the upper part of nose cavity. The sensation that we call taste is basically smell. When we chew onion or apple, the vapour or gas goes into the open nose. The&lt;/span&gt; gas will affect smell nerve end, so that we can differentiate the taste of onion and apple.&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0.55pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;"&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;Indra pembau disusun oleh jaringan epitel olfaktori dan sel-sel reseptor olfaktori yang terdapat di rongga hidung bagian atas. Sensasi yang kita sebut rasa pada kenyataannya adalah bau. Pada saat kita mengunyah bawang atau apel, uap atau gas masuk ke bagian dalam hidung yang terbuka. Gas tersebut akan mengenai ujung saraf pembau sehingga kita dapat merasakan adanya rasa bawang dan apel.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0.55pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0.55pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;"&gt;Smell is produced by chemical stimulation in the form of gas. Gas goes into nose cavity, diffuses into mucus layer and binds with receptor in dendrite. The gas will stimulate olfactory cells, so that the impulses from olfactory nerves move toward the brain. The impulse will be interpreted as smell.&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0.55pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;"&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;Bau dihasilkan oleh rangsang kimia yang berupa gas. Gas masuk ke dalam rongga hidung, berdifusi ke dalam lapisa mucus lalu berkaitan dengan reseptor pada dendrit. Gas tersebut akan merangsang sel-sel olfaktori sehingga impuls dari saraf olfaktori bergerak menuju ke otak. Impuls tersebut akan diinterpretasikan sebagai bau.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0.55pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;"&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0.55pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;"&gt;Smell nerves will not give any responses to aroma stimulation continuously received in a long period of time. The nerves become active when it receives different aroma stimulation. The brain can also memorize certain aroma because olfactory pumpkin is directly connected to emotional and memory centre in the brain.&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0.55pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;"&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;Saraf pembau tidak akan menanggapi aroma rangsang yang terus menerus diterima dalam waktu yang lama. Saraf tersebut baru aktif kembali jika mendapat rangsang untuk aroma yang lain. Otak juga dapat mengingat aroma tertentu karena labu olfaktori berhubungan langsung dengan pusat emosi dan ingatan di otak.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0.55pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 53.45pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;b style=""&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;4.&lt;span style=";font-family:&amp;quot;;font-size:7pt;"  &gt;      &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;b style=""&gt;Ears&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 53.45pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;b style=""&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;Telinga&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 35.45pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;"&gt;Ear is divided into outer ear, middle ear, and inner ear. Inner ear consists of hearing basic organ and fluid (perilymph and endolymph fluid).&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;"&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;Telinga terbagi atas telinga luar, telinga tengah, dan telinga dalam. Telinga dalam mengandung organ dasar pendengaran dan cairan (cairan perilimfa dan endolimfa).&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;"&gt;Outer ear comprises of ear lobe (auricle) and auditory canal. The function is to help directing the sound entering auditory canal.&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;"&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;Telinga luar terdiri atas daun telinga (aurikel) dan saluran pendengaran. Fungsi daun telinga untuk membantu mengarahkan suara yang memasuki saluran pendengaran.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;"&gt;Middle ear begins from ear drum (tympanic membrane) to oval window. In this chamber there are three fused bones called ossicle. Ossicle functions as a generator to transmit the vibration produced by tympanic membrane to inner ear. Ossicle is distinguished into hammer bone (malleus), incus, and stapes bone. In the inner part of tympanic membrane there is Eustachius tube that connects the middle ear with mouth cavity.&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;"&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;Telinga tengah dimulai dari gendang telinga (membrane timpani) hingga tingkap oval. Dalam ruangan tersebut terdapat tiga tulang yang menyatu, disebut osikel. Osikel berfungsi sebagai pengungkit yang menyampaikan getaran yang dihasilkan oleh gendang telinga ke telinga dalam. Osikel dibedakan menjadi tulang martil (maleus), tulang landasan (inkus), dan tulang sanggurdi (stapes). Pada sebelah dalam gendang telinga tedapat saluran Eustachius yang menghubungkan telinga tengah dengan rongga mulut.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;"&gt;Inner ear is composed of two main parts, cochlea (snail shell) and semi circular canal. Cochlea is divided into three parts, namely vestibule at the beginning part of which there is an oval window membrane, coclear duct, and tympanic scale. Middle pipe contains endolymph fluid. Vestibule and tympanic contain perlymph fluid. Both pipes connect to each other at the top of cochlea.&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;"&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;Telinga dalam tersusun dari dua bagian utama, yaitu koklea (rumah siput) dan saluran setengah lingkaran. Koklea terbagi menjadi tiga bagian, yaitu vestibuli yang pada pangkalnya terdapat selaput tingkap oval, saluran koklea, dan skala timpani. Pipa tengah berisi cairan endolimfa. Vestibuli dan timpani berisi cairan perilimfe. Kedua pipa tersebut saling berhubungan pada puncak rumah siput.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;"&gt;Between the middle pipe and tympanic there is basilar membrane. In the membrane there are cells that form the real auditory organ, the organ of Corti. At the end of this organ there are hair cells. The cells connect to nerve fibres toward the brain. In the cochlea, in vestibular pipe exactly, there are two small cavity sacks, saccule, and article.&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;"&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;Di antara pipa tengah dan timpani terdapat selaput basilar. Pada selaput tersebut terdapat sel-sel yang membentuk organ pendengaran sebenarnya, yaitu orfan Corti. Pada ujung organ tersebut terdapat sel-sel rambut. Sel-sel tersebut berhubungan dengan serabut saraf yang menuju ke otak. Di dalam rumah siput, tepatnya di pipa vestibular terdapat dua kantong kecil berongga, yaitu sakulus dan utrikulus.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;"&gt;Semi-circular canal is the balance organ. It consists of&lt;span style=""&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;three ducts having semi-circular shape. There are a lot of receptors&lt;span style=""&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;within it and&lt;span style=""&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;also fluid which looks similar with cochlea fluid.&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;"&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;Saluran setengah lingkaran merupakan organ keseimbangan. Organ tersebut terdiri atas tiga saluran yang berbentuk setengah lingkaran. Di dalamnya berisis banyak reseptor dan cairan yang menyerupai cairan di dalam rumah siput.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;"&gt;&lt;b style=""&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 53.45pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;b style=""&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;5.&lt;span style=";font-family:&amp;quot;;font-size:7pt;"  &gt;      &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;b style=""&gt;Eye&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 53.45pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;b style=""&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;Mata&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 35.45pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;"&gt;Eye is a vision sense. The front of the eye is protected by transparent membrane (conjunctive), which protects the cornea. The membrane is often flowed by tears.&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;"&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;Mata merupakan indra penglihatan. Bagian depan mata dilindungi oleh membran transparan (konjungtiva) yang berfungsi untuk melindungi kornea mata. Pada membran tersebut seirng dialiri air mata.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;"&gt;Tear is produced by lacrimal gland which serves the function to keep the eye ball moist, to clean the eye ball from dirt, and to kill bacteria since it contains antibacterial enzyme.&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;"&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;Air mata dihasilkan ole kelenjar air mata (lakrimal), fungsinya untuk menjaga agar bola mata tetap basah, membersihkan bola mata dari kotoran, dan membunuh bakteri karena berisi enzim antibakteri.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 53.45pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;b style=""&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(227, 108, 10);"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;a.&lt;span style=";font-family:&amp;quot;;font-size:7pt;"  &gt;     &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;b style=""&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(227, 108, 10);"&gt;Eye Structure&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 53.45pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;b style=""&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(227, 108, 10);"&gt;Struktur Mata&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 35.45pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;"&gt;Eye lies in eye cavity and has oval round shape. Eye ball and eye cavity are connected by six muscles which can generate eye movement to various directions.&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;"&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;Mata terletak pada rongga mata, bentuknya bulat lonjong. Bola mata dengan dinding rongga mata dihubungkan dengan enam otot yang berguna untuk memutar bola mata ke berbagai arah.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;"&gt;Eye is composed of three layers, namely sclera, choroid, and retina.&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;"&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;Mata tersusun dari tiga lapisan, yaitu sklera, koroid, retina.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 53.45pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;1.&lt;span style=";font-family:&amp;quot;;font-size:7pt;"  &gt;      &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Sclera is the outer layer of the eye ball in the form of tough white tissue. It maintains the shape of the eye globe. Sclera contains cornea which is transparent and composed of collagen fibres.&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 53.45pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;Sklera merupakan lapisan terluar, sangat kuat, dan berwarna putih. Lapisan tersebut menyebabkan bagian depan mata menonjol. Pada sklera terdapat kornea yang transparan dan disusun oleh serabut kolagen.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 53.45pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 53.45pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;2.&lt;span style=";font-family:&amp;quot;;font-size:7pt;"  &gt;      &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Choroid is a thin, dark tissue which lies between sclera and retina (intermediate layer), and contains a large amount of pigment and blood vessel. Between the anterior of choroid and posterior of the cornea there is iris which consists of circular muscle and contains eye pigment. Iris pigment determines human eye colour. Iris is also important to control the amount lof light entering the eyes by regulating the pupil size (a sphere located in the centre of iris). When receiving strong light intensity, the pupil size will constrict. Conversely, when receiving weak light intensity, the pupil will dilate.&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 53.45pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;Koroid merupakan lapisan tengah, tipis, berwarna gelap dan banyak mengandung pigmen dan pembuluh darah. Pada bagian depan koroid, tepat di belakang kornea terdapat iris yang terdiri atas otot-otot melingkar berpigmen. Pigmen pada iris menjadi penentu warna mata manusia. Iris berfungsi untuk mengatur jumlah cahay a yang masuk ke mata dengan cara mengatur ukuran pupil (celah di bagian tengah iris). Jika menerima intensitas cahaya yang kuat, maka ukuran pupil akan menyempit. Sebaliknya, jka menerima cahaya yang lemah, pupil akan melebar.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 53.45pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 53.45pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;At the back of iris there lies eye tens which is a transparent and biconvex structure suspended in place by ciliary muscle of suspensory ligament. When the muscle contracts, the lens shape changes so that we can see an object in focus. The eye lens change is called accommodation.&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 53.45pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;Pada baigan belakang iris terdapat lensa mata yang bening berbentuk cembung (bikonkaf) dipegang oleh oto bersilia melalui ligamen suspensori. Pada saat otot berkontraksi, bentuk lensa akan berubah sehingga kita dapat melihat benda secara fokus. Perubahan bentuk lensa mata disebut akomodasi.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 53.45pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 53.45pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;Lens divides the eye into two parts. The anterior portion of the lens (between lens and cornea) contains aqueous humor fluid. The posterior portion of the lens contains vitreous humor fluid which us transparent and has function to maintain the eye ball shape.&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 53.45pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;Lensa membagai mata menjadi dua bagian. Bagian depan lensa (antara lensa dengan kornea) terisi oleh cairan aqueous humor. Pada bagian belakang lensa berisi cairan vitreous humor yang transparan berfungsi untuk menjaga bentuk bola mata.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 53.45pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 53.45pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;3.&lt;span style=";font-family:&amp;quot;;font-size:7pt;"  &gt;      &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Retina is the innermost layer containing photoreceptor and nerve cells which are sensitive to light. Retina has the thickness of less than 1 millimeter. It is composed of several cell layers, which are receptor cell, ganglion cell, and nerve fibers. In the center of retina there is light focus site called yellow spot (macula lutea).&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 53.45pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;Retina merupakan bagian terdalam yang mengandung fotoreseptor dan sel-sel saraf yang sensitif terhadap cahaya. Retina mempunyai ketebalan kurang dari 1 milimeter. Retina terususn dari beberapa lapisan sel, seperti sel reseptor, sel ganglion, dan serabut saraf. Pada bagian tengah retina terdapat tempat fokus cahaya, disebut bintik kuning (macula lutea).&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 53.45pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;"&gt;Inside the retina there are two kinds of photoreceptor, cone cell and rod cell. The receptor cell is not found in the area between optical nerves and retina, which is called blind spot.&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;"&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;Di dalam retina terdapat dua macam penerima rangsang cahaya (fotoreseptor), yaitu sel kerucut (konus) dan sel batang. Sel reseptor tidak ditemukan pada daerah antara saraf optic dengan retina, yang disebut bintik buta.&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;"&gt;Source(sumber) : Biology 2 For Senior High School Year XI, Yudhistira&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;"&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/2420658526485901207-4241663123894159028?l=biologi-nugrahafitrah.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://biologi-nugrahafitrah.blogspot.com/feeds/4241663123894159028/comments/default' title='Poskan Komentar'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://biologi-nugrahafitrah.blogspot.com/2010/02/c-human-sense-indra-manusia.html#comment-form' title='0 Komentar'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2420658526485901207/posts/default/4241663123894159028'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2420658526485901207/posts/default/4241663123894159028'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://biologi-nugrahafitrah.blogspot.com/2010/02/c-human-sense-indra-manusia.html' title='C. Human Sense (Indra Manusia)'/><author><name>Biologi-nya Fitrah</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/15054540678297182245</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='28' height='32' src='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_YcYNKahbYFI/S5EgBWi7evI/AAAAAAAAAA8/VUBf0rQFvrk/S220/Ini+Gue.JPG'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2420658526485901207.post-1215049447627795605</id><published>2010-02-25T03:48:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2010-02-25T06:06:17.456-08:00</updated><title type='text'>D. 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     &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;b style=""&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;Nervous System Disorders&lt;/span&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 53.45pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;b style=""&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;Gangguan Sistem Saraf&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 53.45pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 53.45pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;a.&lt;span style=";font-family:&amp;quot;;font-size:7pt;"  &gt;     &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span class="longtext"&gt;&lt;span style="background: white none repeat scroll 0% 0%; -moz-background-clip: border; -moz-background-origin: padding; -moz-background-inline-policy: continuous;"&gt;Epilepsy &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="longtext"&gt;&lt;span style="background: white none repeat scroll 0% 0%; -moz-background-clip: border; -moz-background-origin: padding; -moz-background-inline-policy: continuous;" lang="IN"&gt;is&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background: white none repeat scroll 0% 0%; -moz-background-clip: border; -moz-background-origin: padding; -moz-background-inline-policy: continuous;"&gt; the result of disruption in the delivery of electrical impulses of nerve cells. This disorder is also found in people suffering from brain tumors, trauma to the head, the user drugs, and people with congenital brain defects. But in general, epilepsy does not have a definite cause (idiopathic). Epilepsy is not contagious and the patient can be cured or protected from attack by the regular treatment.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 53.45pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;Epilepsi terjadi akibat adanya gangguan penghantaran impuls listrik pada sel-sel saraf. Kelainan ini juga dijumpai pada orang yang menderita tumor otak, trauma pada kepala, pengguna obat-obat bius, dan penderita cacat otak bawaan. Tetapi pada umumnya epilepsi tidak memiliki penyebab yang pasti (idiopati). Epilepsi tidaklah menular dan penderita dapat sembuh atau terhindar dari serangan dengan pengobatan yang teratur.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 53.45pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 53.45pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;b.&lt;span style=";font-family:&amp;quot;;font-size:7pt;"  &gt;     &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span class="longtext"&gt;&lt;span style="background: white none repeat scroll 0% 0%; -moz-background-clip: border; -moz-background-origin: padding; -moz-background-inline-policy: continuous;"&gt;Accident that causes trauma to the head like a concussion may result in amnesia. Patients usually experience confusion and memory loss. Amnesia can be temporary but it can also be permanent depending on how severe the trauma suffered by the brain.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 53.45pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;Kecelakaan yang menyebabkan trauma pada kepala seperti gegar otak dapat mengakibatkan terjadinya amnesia. Penderita biasanya mengalami kebingungan dan kehilangan ingatan. Amnesia ini dapat bersifat sementara tapi dapat pula&lt;span style=""&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;bersifat permanen tergantung seberapa parahnya trauma yang diderita oleh otak.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 53.45pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 53.45pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;c.&lt;span style=";font-family:&amp;quot;;font-size:7pt;"  &gt;     &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span class="longtext"&gt;&lt;span style="background: white none repeat scroll 0% 0%; -moz-background-clip: border; -moz-background-origin: padding; -moz-background-inline-policy: continuous;"&gt;Alzheimer's usually affects the elderly. The symptoms of memory loss that can cause depression, confusion, decreased ability to think, and hallucinations. The reason is the decline in the number of chemical compounds that help the delivery of nerve impulses. Alzheimer's is genetic.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 53.45pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;Alzheimer biasanya diderita oleh para manula. Gejalanya berupa hilangnya ingatan sehingga dapat menyebabkan depresi, kebingungan, menurunnya kemampuan berpikir, dan halusinasi. Penyebabnya adalah penurunan jumlah senyawa kimia yang membantu penghantaran impuls saraf. Alzheimer ini bersifat genetis.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 53.45pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 53.45pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;d.&lt;span style=";font-family:&amp;quot;;font-size:7pt;"  &gt;     &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span class="longtext"&gt;&lt;span style="background: white none repeat scroll 0% 0%; -moz-background-clip: border; -moz-background-origin: padding; -moz-background-inline-policy: continuous;"&gt;Parkinson's is caused by chemical imbalances in the nervous system. Parkinson's is genetic and is estimated to be caused also by hard blows to the head. This disease generally affects people over the age of 60 years. But lately a lot found in adults under 60 years who suffered from Parkinson's disease. One possible cause is the estimated exposure to excessive herbicide. Parkinson's has not found a cure.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 53.45pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;Parkinson disebabkan oleh ketidakseimbangan kimia dalam sistem saraf. Parkinson diperkirakan bersifat genetis dan dapat disebabkan pula oleh pukulan-pukulan keras pada kepala. Penyakit ini pada umumnya diderita oleh orang yang berusia lebih dari 60 tahun. Tetapi belakangan ini banyak ditemukan orang dewasa di bawah 60 tahun yang menderita Parkinson. Salah satu penyebabnya diperkirakan adalah paparan terhadap herbisida secara berlebihan. Parkinson belum ditemukan obatnya.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 53.45pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;e.&lt;span style=";font-family:&amp;quot;;font-size:7pt;"  &gt;     &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span class="longtext"&gt;&lt;span style="background: white none repeat scroll 0% 0%; -moz-background-clip: border; -moz-background-origin: padding; -moz-background-inline-policy: continuous;"&gt;Multiple sclerosis is a condition where there is degeneration of myelin in the central nervous system. As a result conducts nerve impulses to be obstructed and symptoms such as loss of body coordination, visual disturbances, and disruption to talk. This disease develops slowly but can also attack suddenly. The reason is estimated to be a genetic susceptibility, viral infections, and immune system disorders. Until now, not yet found a cure for multiple sclerosis.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 53.45pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;Multipel sklerosis adalah suatu keadaan di mana terjadi degenerasi myelin pada sistem saraf pusat. Akibatnya penghantaran impuls saraf menjadi terhambat dan terjadi gejala seperti hilangnya koordinasi tubuh, gangguan penglihatan, dan gangguan bicara. Penyakit ini berkembang perlahan tetapi dapat pula menyerang secara tiba-tiba. Penyebabnya diperkirakan berupa kerentanan yang bersifat genetis, infeksi virus, dan gangguan sistem kekebalan tubuh. Hingga saat ini, belum ditemukan obat untuk multipel sklerosis.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 53.45pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 53.45pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;f.&lt;span style=";font-family:&amp;quot;;font-size:7pt;"  &gt;        &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span class="longtext"&gt;&lt;span style="background: white none repeat scroll 0% 0%; -moz-background-clip: border; -moz-background-origin: padding; -moz-background-inline-policy: continuous;"&gt;Polio is caused by infection with the polio virus in the spinal cord. It attacks children, causing fever, and headache that ended loss reflex, paralysis, and muscle mengecilnya (Atrophy). If so happens, polio can not be cured, but this disease can be prevented by immunization for polio.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 53.45pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;Polio disebabkan oleh infeksi virus polio pada sumsum tulang belakang. Virus ini menyerang anak-anak, menimbulkan demam, dan sakit kepala yang berakhir pada hilangya reflex, kelumpuhan, dan mengecilnya otot (atropi). Bila sudah terjadi, polio tidak dapat diobati, tetapi penyakit ini dapat dicegah dengan imunisasi polio.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 53.45pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 53.45pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;g.&lt;span style=";font-family:&amp;quot;;font-size:7pt;"  &gt;     &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span class="longtext"&gt;&lt;span style="background: white none repeat scroll 0% 0%; -moz-background-clip: border; -moz-background-origin: padding; -moz-background-inline-policy: continuous;"&gt;The meninges are membranes that protect the brain and spinal cord. In meningitis, viral infection or bacteria in the meninges of this. Depending on the cause, meningitis may be mild or can develop into more severe.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 53.45pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;Meninges adalah selaput yang melindungi otak dan sumsum tulang belakang. Pada meningitis, terjadi infeksi virus atau bakteri pada meninges ini. Tergantung pada penyebabnya, meningitis dapat bersifat ringan atau dapat berkembang menjadi lebih parah.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 53.45pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 53.45pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;b style=""&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;2.&lt;span style=";font-family:&amp;quot;;font-size:7pt;"  &gt;      &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;b style=""&gt;Sense Disorders&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 53.45pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;b style=""&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;Gangguan Indra&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 53.45pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;b style=""&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;b style=""&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(227, 108, 10);"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;a.&lt;span style=";font-family:&amp;quot;;font-size:7pt;"  &gt;     &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;b style=""&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(227, 108, 10);"&gt;Eye Disorders&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0.75in; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;b style=""&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(227, 108, 10);"&gt;Gangguan pada Mata&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;b style=""&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(227, 108, 10);"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;1.&lt;span style=";font-family:&amp;quot;;font-size:7pt;"  &gt;      &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Myopia occurs if image falls in front of yellow spot because the eye lens is too curved (convex). The sufferer can be assisted by negative eye lenses (concave lens).&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0.75in; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;Miopi, jika bayangan benda jatuh didepan bintik kuning karena bentuk lensa mata terlalu cembung. Penderita dapat dibantu dengan kacamata negatif (lensa cekung).&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0.75in; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;2.&lt;span style=";font-family:&amp;quot;;font-size:7pt;"  &gt;      &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Astigmatism occurs if image is not focused on one point because of the irregular shape cornea. The sufferer can be assisted by cylindrical glasses.&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0.75in; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;Astigmatisme, jika bayangan benda tidak fokus pada satu titik karena bentuk kornea yang tidak rata. Penderita dapat dibantu dengan kacamata silinder.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0.75in; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;3.&lt;span style=";font-family:&amp;quot;;font-size:7pt;"  &gt;      &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Hypermetropia occurs when the image falls behind the yellow spot because the eye lens is too steep. The sufferer can be assisted by positive glasses (convex lens).&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0.75in; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;Hipermetropi jika bayangan benda jatuh di belakang bintik kuning karena bentuk lensa mata yang terlalu pipih. Penderita dapat dibantu dengan kacamata positif (lensa cembung).&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0.75in; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;4.&lt;span style=";font-family:&amp;quot;;font-size:7pt;"  &gt;      &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Presbyopia occurs when the image falls behind the retina because the eye lens is too thin and the eye accommodation is too weak. Presbiyopia is usually suffered by elderly person. The sufferer can be assisted by double glasses (positive and negative). &lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0.75in; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;Presbiopi, jika bayangan benda jatuh di&lt;span style=""&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;belakang retina karena bentuk lensa mata terlalu pipih dan daya akomodasi mata terlalu lemah. Penderita presbiopi biasanya berusia lanjut. Penderita dapat dibantu dengan kacamata rangkap (positif dan negatif).&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0.75in; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;5.&lt;span style=";font-family:&amp;quot;;font-size:7pt;"  &gt;      &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Color blindness occurs if the eyes are not able to distinguish particular color. It is&lt;span style=""&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;heritable and classified into two types, partial color blindness, when the sufferer cannot recognize certain color, and todal color blindness, when the sufferer is only able to recognize black and white. &lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0.75in; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;Buta warna, yaitu mata tidak mampu membedakan warna-wana tertentu. Penyakit tersebut bersifat menurun yang terbagi menjadi dua macam, yaitu buta warna parsial (sebagian), jika penderita tidak dapat mengenal warna tertentu saja dan buta warna total, jika penderita hanya dapat mengenal warna tertentu saja dan buta warna total, jika penderita hanya dapat mengenal warna hitam dan putih saja. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0.75in; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;6.&lt;span style=";font-family:&amp;quot;;font-size:7pt;"  &gt;      &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Night blindness (nyctalopia) is a sight disorder caused by vitamin a deficiency. &lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0.75in; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;Rabun senja (hemeralopi), yaitu gangguan penglihatan akibat pengeringan kornea.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0.75in; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;7.&lt;span style=";font-family:&amp;quot;;font-size:7pt;"  &gt;      &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Xerophtalmia and keratomalacia are sight disorders due to cornea dryness &lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0.75in; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;Xeroftalmia dan keratomalasi, yaitu gangguan penglihatan akibat pengeringan kornea. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0.75in; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;8.&lt;span style=";font-family:&amp;quot;;font-size:7pt;"  &gt;      &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Cataracts is a sight disorder due to the opacities of the lens.&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0.75in; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;Katarak, yaitu gangguan penglihatan karena ada bagian pada satu atau kedua lensa yang kabur. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;b style=""&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(227, 108, 10);"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;b.&lt;span style=";font-family:&amp;quot;;font-size:7pt;"  &gt;     &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;b style=""&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(227, 108, 10);"&gt;Hearing Dosorders &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in;"&gt;&lt;b style=""&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(227, 108, 10);"&gt;Gangguan Pada Telinga&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b style=""&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(227, 108, 10);" lang="IN"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in;"&gt;&lt;b style=""&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(227, 108, 10);" lang="IN"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 56.7pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;1)&lt;span style=";font-family:&amp;quot;;font-size:7pt;"  &gt;      &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Conductive deafness is a hearing disorder due to the the condition that restricts the vibration. For example, the blockage of auditory canal, broken ear drum, and the damage in auditory bone. &lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 56.7pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;Tuli konduksi, yaitu gangguan pendengaran akibat kerusakan pada bagian penghantar getaran. Misalnya penyumbatan saluran telinga, gendang telinga pecah, dan pengapuran pada tulang pendengaran. &lt;/i&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 56.7pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="IN"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 56.7pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;2)&lt;span style=";font-family:&amp;quot;;font-size:7pt;"  &gt;      &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Nerve deafness is a hearing disorder due to the damage in auditory nerves or organ of Corti.&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 56.7pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;Tuli saraf, yaitu gangguan pendengaran akibat kerusakan saraf pendengaran atau organ corti.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 56.7pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 56.7pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;Source(sumber) : Biology 2 For Senior High School Year XI, Yudhistira&lt;br /&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="ListParagraphCxSpLast" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/2420658526485901207-1215049447627795605?l=biologi-nugrahafitrah.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://biologi-nugrahafitrah.blogspot.com/feeds/1215049447627795605/comments/default' title='Poskan Komentar'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://biologi-nugrahafitrah.blogspot.com/2010/02/d-disorders-gangguan-gangguan.html#comment-form' title='0 Komentar'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2420658526485901207/posts/default/1215049447627795605'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2420658526485901207/posts/default/1215049447627795605'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://biologi-nugrahafitrah.blogspot.com/2010/02/d-disorders-gangguan-gangguan.html' title='D. 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